Departamento Sociología y Comunicación
http://hdl.handle.net/10366/4331
2024-03-29T12:05:56ZEl martillo de las malas. La criminalización secundaria de las mujeres desde la abogacía feminista
http://hdl.handle.net/10366/156000
[ES]El objetivo principal de esta tesis, por tanto, es profundizar en el conocimiento de los procesos de selectividad penal, con un enfoque exploratorio que permita ofrecer una nueva perspectiva en el estudio de la criminalización secundaria de las mujeres. Se trata de un tema que ha sido previamente investigado por la literatura, pero que aún no ha sido abordado de la forma propuesta en esta investigación. No obstante, es importante señalar que, aunque la investigación cualitativa no tiene un afán generalizador, se considera necesario ampliar la muestra en futuros trabajos para incluir un mayor número de testimonios de abogadas feministas, logrando con ello una comprensión más amplia del fenómeno. En cualquier caso, las nueve abogadas feministas que han participado en la investigación han proporcionado información de gran valor y calidad, la cual ha permitido sentar las bases de algunas conclusiones preliminares en relación a los procesos de criminalización secundaria de las mujeres. Estas conclusiones, sin duda, suponen un avance significativo en el estudio de este tema, y abren nuevas vías de investigación para continuar profundizando en su análisis.
2023-01-01T00:00:00ZMOOC in higher education from the students’ perspective. A sustainable model?
http://hdl.handle.net/10366/155694
[EN] In this chapter we present a research that analyzes, from the perspective of university students, the positioning of MOOCs in the university panorama, determining their characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and the main challenges to achieve sustainability. The research is based on a methodology based on virtual ethnography, and the qualitative analysis of university innovation experiences on the perception of 56 students who study “Information and Communication Technology” at the Pablo de Olavide University in Seville (Spain) following a Degree in Social Education corresponding to the academic year 2016–17. The results show that the main advantages of this type of courses are its wide offer, its open access, and the possibilities of accessing free audiovisual materials and establishing networks among the participating students. Main weaknesses are related to didactics and assessment: traditional teaching methods and little contact with teachers and tutors. As challenges that guarantee its sustainability and improvement in the future, five areas of intervention in the technological field are proposed: calibrated peer review, faculty-directed “student-sourcing” of responses to student questions, just-in-time teaching, recommendation systems and learning analytics.
2020-01-01T00:00:00ZEducational models of social cohesion in marginal contexts: the social space as an educational agent
http://hdl.handle.net/10366/155684
[EN] The main objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between the advance of social marginality and education as a tool of social cohesion, making an exploratory study of a qualitative nature that is limited to the scope of the doctoral study by the same author, started in 2015: “Advanced Marginality and Social Space: New Models of Cohesion, El cado de Torreblanca”. Advanced marginality (Wacquant in Parias urbanos. Marginalidad en la ciudad a comienzos del milenio. Ediciones Manantial, Buenos Aires, 2006), shows the constant advance of the phenomenon, and the need for new public policies and social inclusion. Democracy—understood as an aspiration to the realization of the well-being of every individual that does not correspond to mere principles of utility, but to the possibilities of action and choice within alternative combinations accessible to all—has as its primary objective the training of all citizens (Sen in La libertà individuale come impegno sociale. Editori laterza, Bari, 2007). In a democratic government, one way to offer this set of capacity-action that Sen (La libertà individuale come impegno sociale. Editori laterza, Bari, 2007) defines as a capability, could be to invest in education, in the construction of a paideia, promoter of rights and opportunities, capable of really making the free individual. Education has to be, then, a protagonist in the construction of social spaces—which become educational agents—in which people can show, with facts and words, who they are and what they can do (Arendt in Men in the Dark Times. Ancourt Brace, New York, 1986), through an educational model oriented to human development (Nussbaum in Creare capacità. Liberarsi dalla dittatura del Pi, Bologna, 2012), and to promote educational experiences of social cohesion, which start from the focal point that each human being is constituted as a being whose singularity is realized in plurality (Mortari in A scuola di libertà. Formazione e Pensiero autonomo. Raffaello Cortina, Milano, 2008).
2020-01-01T00:00:00ZLa marginalidad avanzada para el desarrollo sostenible de la ciudadanía global
http://hdl.handle.net/10366/155613
[ES] Hoy, más que nunca, es indispensable reflexionar y enfatizar la necesidad de un cambio en la intervención social con respecto al desarrollo sostenible de la ciudadanía global, haciendo hincapié en el crecimiento y el empoderamiento de las personas, orientado a promover la inclusión social y la igualdad de oportunidades, sobre todo en los colectivos en riesgos de exclusión social. Para crear un camino de desarrollo sostenible global auspiciado por los principios de una democracia social, es crucial generar un tejido productivo de actuación política contextualizada, priorizando nuevas acciones prosociales de cara a reforzar las vulnerabilidades estructurales presentes a escala global.
La presente obra, guiada por la sensibilidad académica, profesional y humana de sus autores, pretende ser una pequeña contribución en la construcción de un camino de equidad en el bienestar social, elemento clave para la implementación efectiva de acciones geopolíticas sostenibles y de progreso social contextualizadas en escenarios de intervención microsocial. Reflexionando sobre las dinámicas y los desafíos de la globalización que afectan el desarrollo humano, se plantea un marco metodológico innovador a fin de observar e investigar los fenómenos de la marginalidad.
2021-01-01T00:00:00ZSocial Validity in Spain of the Mantente REAL Prevention Program for Early Adolescents: Social Validity of Mantente Real in Spain
http://hdl.handle.net/10366/155595
[EN] Studies focusing on the relevance or impact of a program, not just on its efficacy or
effectiveness, can make important contributions to prevention science. This article
documents the social validity (i.e., a construct encompassing feasibility, acceptabili
ty, and utility) of a universal substance use prevention program for early adolescents
in Spain. The Mantente REAL (keepin’it REAL) program was culturally adapted
to the Spanish context, implemented, and evaluated in six public middle schools
in two regions of Spain. Participating teachers (N = 15), students (N = 354), and re
search team members (N = 6) reported on the feasibility, acceptability, and utility
of the program implemented with first grade secondary school students. Qualitative
and quantitative data about the program, its curriculum, and the implementation
process were collected through teachers’ focus groups, students’ surveys, and ob
servation forms completed by members of the research team. Mantente REAL was
perceived to be a prevention program that was feasible for implementation in Span
ish middle schools, although some logistics related to school structural constraints
should be addressed in future implementations. The topics and activities in the
curriculum were highly accepted by teachers and students, and they reported that
the program was useful in teaching resistance strategies to cope with substance use
and other risky situations. The findings support the social validity of the culturally
adapted Mantente REAL program for early adolescents in Spain, and highlight how
feedback from stakeholders involved in the implementation can improve the dis
semination of effective prevention approaches.
2022-01-01T00:00:00Z¿Sufren los personajes lésbicos y femeninos bisexuales una doble invisibilidad? Un acercamiento a las series españolas de VoD
http://hdl.handle.net/10366/155564
[ES]Capítulo de la obra "Estudios interdisciplinares de género"
2021-01-01T00:00:00ZEffectiveness of the Mantente REAL Program for Preventing Alcohol Use in Spanish Adolescents
http://hdl.handle.net/10366/155310
[ES] “Mantente REAL” es un programa universal que utiliza la escuela para prevenir el consumo de drogas y otras conductas problemáticas diseñado específicamente para ser implementado en las escuelas al comienzo de la adolescencia. Este programa, que es una versión culturalmente adaptada de la intervención Keepin’ it REAL, se centra en el entrenamiento de habilidades para resistir la presión social para consumir drogas y mejorar el desarrollo psicosocial. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la eficacia de “Mantente REAL” en el consumo de alcohol en el contexto español. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 755 adolescentes de 12 escuelas secundarias públicas en España, de 11 a 15 años (M = 12.24, DT = 0.56), el 47.1% mujeres. Las 12 escuelas fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a grupo control y experimental, seis en cada condición. Los datos se recopilaron a través de cuestionarios antes y después de la intervención para evaluar la eficacia del programa. Los resultados indicaron que la versión culturalmente adaptada de “Mantente REAL” fue eficaz para prevenir el consumo de alcohol entre los jóvenes del norte y sur de España. Los estudiantes que participaron en el programa demostraron cambios en la dirección deseada en la frecuencia del alcohol y los episodios de intoxicación. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados con respecto a los programas de intervención destinados a prevenir el consumo de sustancias en la adolescencia.
[EN] Mantente REAL is a school-based universal program to prevent drug use and other problematic behaviors specifically designed to be implemented in schools at the beginning of adolescence. This program, which is a culturally adapted version of the Keepin’ it REAL intervention, focuses on skills training for resisting social pressure to use drugs and improving psychosocial development. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Mantente REAL on alcohol use in the Spanish context. The sample was composed of 755 adolescents from 12 state secondary schools in Spain, aged 11 to 15 (M = 12.24, SD = 0.56), 47.1% females. The 12 schools were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups, six to each condition. Pre-test and post-test questionnaires data were collected to evaluate the effectiveness of the program. The results indicated that a culturally adapted version of Mantente REAL was effective in preventing alcohol use among youth from northern and southern Spain. Students participating in the program demonstrated changes in the desired direction on alcohol frequency and intoxication episodes. Implications of these results regarding intervention programs aimed at preventing substance use in adolescence are discussed.
2020-01-01T00:00:00ZEstereotipos presentes en la elección de la formación académica y profesional
http://hdl.handle.net/10366/155196
[ES] Las instituciones educativas tienen la obligación de luchar contra los estereotipos, así como contra la discriminación, y promover la diversidad y la igualdad de género. Las escuelas, como lugar de emancipación, deben permitir a los estudiantes desarrollar el pensamiento crítico, además de poder erradicar los estereotipos. Se espera que los resultados de la propuesta aumenten el número de hombres en las ramas estudiadas en el futuro, acercando las cifras a la paridad a corto plazo. Además, entre otros objetivos más ambiciosos, se pretende apoyar que la sociedad se sumerja gradualmente en un proceso de transformación, contribuyendo con un grano de arena a la igualdad de género y reduciendo el peso ejercido por los estereotipos.
[EN] This paper analyzes how gender stereotypes influence differently the way men and women decide about their professional future. Quantitative research has been designed in order to know what are the beliefs and stereotypes that presently influence the process of decision making of the individual when choosing their academic career.
The research is carried out from a double perspective, analyzing on the one hand the beliefs, motivations, and stereotypes of the students, and on the other hand, identifying in the Galician society the beliefs in relation to professional competence and the stereotypes that connect to each gender . These data will be correlated with the number of registered students in each of these degrees of each gender in order to identify what weight stereotypes exercise when deciding a profession.
2020-02-03T00:00:00ZAdolescents and youths’ opinions about the factors associated with cannabis use: a qualitative study based on the I-Change model
http://hdl.handle.net/10366/155186
[EN] Background To learn about the experiences and opinions of adolescent non-consumers and regular cannabis users
about cannabis use and the factors that determine its use, using the I-Change explanatory model as a basis.
Methods Qualitative methodology with a content analysis was used. Focus groups were conducted with
adolescents who were non-regular cannabis users (those who had not tried cannabis or had only experimented with
it before) and semi-structured interviews were conducted with adolescent and young adult in recovery who were in a
detoxification program. A deductive analysis of the audio-recorded and transcribed interviews was performed, using
the domains of the I-Change Model as a reference.
Results Personal problems, social problems or family problems can lead to cannabis use. There was a lack
of knowledge and low risk perception about consumption of this drug. There are other factors that influence
consumption, the perception of advantages, such as the feeling of freedom and the influence of the peer group. The
consumption of this substance in girls is changing, becoming more and more equal to that of boys. The family has an
important role to play in preventing drug use.
Conclusion Knowledge of these factors is of vital importance as a prior step to the development of efficient
intervention measures adjusted to the needs identified and the characteristics of the population.
2023-01-01T00:00:00ZApplicability of the Theory of Planned Behavior for Predicting Alcohol Use in Spanish Early Adolescents
http://hdl.handle.net/10366/155184
[EN] According to the theory of planned behavior (TPB), intentions to perform a specific behavior are the result of attitudes, norms, and perceived control, and in turn, intentions and perceived control are the main predictors of the behavior. This study aimed to test the applicability of TPB in predicting alcohol use in normative pre-adolescents. The sample was composed of 755 Spanish adolescents aged 11 to 15 (M = 12.24; SD = 0.56), 47.1% females, from 12 state secondary schools in Spain. The results of path analysis indicate that positive attitudes towards alcohol, favorable norms towards alcohol, and offer vulnerability (perceived control) are significantly positively related to intentions to use alcohol as well as negatively related to actual behavioral control (i.e., actual strategies to avoid alcohol use). In turn, intentions to use and actual control predict higher alcohol frequency and heavy drinking. Significant indirect effects of these antecedents were found on alcohol outcomes through the mediation of intentions and actual control. The findings suggest that the validity and applicability of the TPB in normative pre-adolescents depend on the severity of alcohol use and point to a need to consider negative social influence in decision making processes in early adolescence.
2020-01-01T00:00:00ZA science mapping analysis of ‘marginality, stigmatization and social cohesion' in WoS (1963-2019)
http://hdl.handle.net/10366/155178
[EN] The current socio-economic and politico-humanitarian crisis is reflected in the progressive entanglement of social cohesion. The increase of social, political, and economic vulnerabilities, consequently with the perspective of local human development, make one realize the importance of dimensions such as social capital—and in the networks of relationships according to a perspective of the subject—that occur in a specific urban context where territory is understood as a resource and networks, building new environments of citizen empowerment, avoiding to increase marginal structural contexts. With these premises, this research aims to analyze the scientific production with the greatest impact on the social cohesion crisis, interpreted as a consequence of advanced marginality, a complex set of economic, political, and socio-structural vulnerabilities in relation to stigmatization, a key element in the vulnerability of subjects. SciMAT, a bibliometric science mapping software tool based on co-word analysis and h-index, is applied using a sample of 4297 articles from 1963 to 2018 published in 1119 journals main communication in the database Web of Science. The results show how social exclusion and stigma are strongly related to the understanding of the constant increase in social vulnerabilities.
2021-01-01T00:00:00ZUna exploración del capital cognitivo ante discursos del odio por racismo
http://hdl.handle.net/10366/155104
[ES] Está aceptado que a los discursos de cualquier práctica de Comunicación les anteceden recuerdos y emociones, valores y prejuicios como capital cognitivo que condiciona expresión y posterior interpretación cuando se comparten en un contexto social determinado. Aquí se explora esta mediación entre Conocimiento, Comunicación y Sociedad, sondeando el capital cognitivo de dos grupos similares de individuos en el contexto de un ejercicio de clase, respondiendo a un test de actitudes tipo Likert aplicado antes y después de visionar un documental sobre racismo. Los resultados comparados entre sendos grupos desvelan perfiles de ese capital cognitivo en la interpretación de un discurso del odio exhibido en el documental, y que ilustran perspectivas al valorar diferencias étnicas corporales, expectativas y oportunidades sociales que por ello los grupos étnicos encuentran y, finalmente, derechos a la protección frente a la violencia. Se explora así una vía al estudio de la dialéctica entre capital cognitivo sobre racismo, discursos del odio, y contextos naturales de prácticas sociales.
2022-01-01T00:00:00ZEl arenero educativo: la realidad aumentada un nuevo recurso para la enseñanza
http://hdl.handle.net/10366/155098
[ES] En este artículo presentamos el proyecto Arenero Educativo que utiliza la tecnología de Realidad Aumentada para implementar un recurso para la enseñanza de las matemáticas y las ciencias naturales. Esta instalación usa una cámara infrarroja para leer la superficie tridimensional de la arena y después dibujar sobre ella curvas de nivel y cuerpos de agua que se transforman cuando el usuario interactúa con la arena. Describimos con detalle las nuevas posibilidades de su interfaz novedosa y su implementación técnica. Detallamos también nuestra propuesta didáctica y reflexionamos acerca de la importancia de establecer una ruta de implementación accesible. Finalmente, discutimos acerca de la importancia del MediaLab de la Universidad de Salamanca como agente dinamizador de este tipo de proyectos multidisciplinares. [EN] In this paper, we present the project Educational Sandbox that uses the Augmented Reality to implement a resource for the teaching of mathematics and natural sciences. This installation uses an infrared camera to read the three-dimensional surface of the sand and then draw on it contours and bodies of water that are transformed when the user interacts with the sand. We describe in detail, the new possibilities of this novel interface and its technical implementation. We also describe our didactic proposal for this installation and reflect on the importance of establishing an accessible implementation route. Finally, we discuss about the importance of the MediaLab of the University of Salamanca as a dynamizing agent of this type of multidisciplinary projects
2017-01-01T00:00:00ZLa influencia de Instagram en la creación y reproducción del ideal de belleza femenino
http://hdl.handle.net/10366/155092
[ES] Las redes sociales hacen gala de una gran presencia en la sociedad contemporánea, afectando incluso cómo percibimos los cánones de belleza. Este trabajo estudia la posible influencia del fenómeno de los influencer en la reproducción del ideal de belleza femenino, analizando los contenidos publicados en Instagram por algunas de estas figuras públicas e indagando en el tipo de uso que hacen las personas anónimas de esta red social. Para ello, se ha recurrido a una metodología mixta compuesta por un análisis de contenido cualitativo de las publicaciones y una encuesta en línea (n= 509). La presente investigación ha permitido comprobar, entre otros aspectos, cuál es el patrón de belleza que impera en Instagram y las posibles evoluciones sobre el canon de belleza “tradicional”, dictaminando si existen implicaciones de género en dichos estereotipos. El trabajo advierte sobre el impacto de los influencers en la creación o mantenimiento de estereotipos que afectan a la autoimagen. [EN] Social media has such a strong presence in contemporary society, even affecting how we perceive beauty standards. For this reason, this paper analyses significant phenomena such as influencers, by studying the content published by some of these public figures. To this end, an online survey (n = 509 people) and a qualitative content analysis were carried out as tools for observing the beauty standards represented in the publications shared by users on social media. This research has made it possible to verify, among other elements, what is the prevailing pattern of beauty on Instagram, as well as possible evolutions of the “traditional” beauty standard, determining whether there are gender implications in these stereotypes. The work warns about the impact of influencers in the creation or maintenance of stereotypes that affect self-image. [PO] As redes sociais têm grande presença na sociedade contemporânea, afetando inclusive a forma como percebemos os padrões de beleza. Este trabalho estuda a possível influência do fenômeno dos influenciadores na reprodução do ideal de beleza feminina, analisando o conteúdo publicado no Instagram por algumas dessas figuras públicas e investigando o tipo de uso que os anônimos fazem dessa rede social. Para tanto, foi utilizada uma metodologia mista, que consiste em uma análise qualitativa de conteúdo das publicações e uma pesquisa online (n = 509). Este trabalho permitiu-nos verificar, entre outros aspectos, qual é o padrão de beleza que prevalece no Instagram, as possíveis evoluções no cânone da beleza «tradicional», determinando se existem implicações de género nos referidos estereótipos. O trabalho adverte sobre o impacto dos influencers na criação ou manutenção de estereótipos que afetam a autoimagem.
2022-06-27T00:00:00ZAnálisis comparativo de la gestión gubernamental de comunicación de crisis de la Covid-19, vacas locas y atentados del 11M
http://hdl.handle.net/10366/155077
[ES] En este artículo se analiza el tratamiento de la crisis informativa de la COVID-19 desde un enfoque político y sanitario, comparándolo con la gestión de comunicación de dos situaciones de emergencia de gran envergadura en España: la crisis de las vacas locas y los atentados del 11M. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación se ha elaborado una completa cronología sobre la COVID-19, desde sus orígenes en Wuhan. Además, se han analizado todas las medidas adoptadas por el gobierno español, comparándolas con las recomendaciones de organismos internacionales como la OMS, se ha llevado a cabo un amplio estudio de los principales actores políticos implicados y sus comparecencias ante los medios y se ha hecho un exhaustivo seguimiento del tratamiento informativo de los principales medios de comunicación españoles. [EN] This article analyzes the treatment of the informative crisis of the COVID-19 from a political and health perspective, comparing it with the communication management of the emergency situations of the great environment in Spain: the ‘mad cow crisis’ and the attacks from 11M. To carry out this research, it has been done a complete chronology on COVID-19, from its origins in Wuhan. In adition, all the measures adopted by the Spanish government have been analyzed (comparing them with the recommendations of international organizations such as the World Health Organization), a comprehensive study of the main political actors involved and their comparisons to the media has been developed and the information published by the main media and other countries has been followed up.
2021-02-10T00:00:00ZMujeres Ilustradoras en Instagram: Las influencers digitales más comprometidas con la igualdad de género en las redes sociales
http://hdl.handle.net/10366/155074
[ES] En los últimos años ha surgido un nuevo fenómeno digital, ligado al desarrollo de las redes sociales: los influencers; una corriente muy vinculada al ámbito de la moda femenina y que ha terminado por reforzar los estereotipos sexistas existentes. Al mismo tiempo, ha cobrado fuerza una corriente feminista, encabezada por mujeres millennials (en muchos casos artistas) que quieren visibilizar a las mujeres reales y que aprovechan su influencia en Instagram para reivindicar la igualdad de género. En este trabajo se analiza el trabajo y las principales aportaciones de las instagramers feministas más influyentes, en contraposición con las instagramers de moda. [EN] In recent years a new digital phenomenon has emerged, as a result of the development of social networks: the influencers. It is a trend closely related to the field of women's fashion and that increases sexist stereotypes. At the same time, a feminist current has become strong, led by millennial women (in many cases artists) who want to make real women visible and who take advantage of their influence on Instagram to claim gender equality. This paper analyzes the work and the main contributions of the most influential feminist instagramers, in contrast to fashion instagramers.
2019-02-22T00:00:00Z