@article{hanley1982,
  author  = {Hanley, James A. and McNeil, Barbara J.},
  title   = {The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic ({ROC}) curve},
  journal = {Radiology},
  year    = {1982},
  volume  = {143},
  number  = {1},
  pages   = {29--36},
  doi     = {10.1148/radiology.143.1.7063747}
}

@article{dersimonian1986,
  author  = {DerSimonian, Rebecca and Laird, Nan},
  title   = {Meta-analysis in clinical trials},
  journal = {Controlled Clinical Trials},
  year    = {1986},
  volume  = {7},
  number  = {3},
  pages   = {177--188},
  doi     = {10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2}
}

@article{page2021,
  author  = {Page, Matthew J. and McKenzie, Joanne E. and Bossuyt, Patrick M. and Boutron, Isabelle and Hoffmann, Tammy C. and Mulrow, Cynthia D. and Shamseer, Larissa and Tetzlaff, Jennifer M. and Akl, Elie A. and Brennan, Sue E. and Chou, Roger and Glanville, Julie and Grimshaw, Jeremy M. and Hr{\'o}bjartsson, Asbj{\o}rn and Lalu, Manoj M. and Li, Tianjing and Loder, Elizabeth W. and Mayo-Wilson, Evan and McDonald, Steve and McGuinness, Luke A. and Stewart, Lesley A. and Thomas, James and Tricco, Andrea C. and Welch, Vivian A. and Whiting, Penny and Moher, David},
  title   = {The {PRISMA} 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews},
  journal = {BMJ},
  year    = {2021},
  volume  = {372},
  pages   = {n71},
  doi     = {10.1136/bmj.n71}
}

@article{balduzzi2019,
  author  = {Balduzzi, Sara and R{\"u}cker, Gerta and Schwarzer, Guido},
  title   = {How to perform a meta-analysis with {R}: a practical tutorial},
  journal = {Evidence-Based Mental Health},
  year    = {2019},
  volume  = {22},
  number  = {4},
  pages   = {153--160},
  doi     = {10.1136/ebmental-2019-300117}
}

@article{viechtbauer2010,
  author  = {Viechtbauer, Wolfgang},
  title   = {Conducting meta-analyses in {R} with the metafor package},
  journal = {Journal of Statistical Software},
  year    = {2010},
  volume  = {36},
  number  = {3},
  pages   = {1--48},
  doi     = {10.18637/jss.v036.i03}
}

@article{araujo2006,
  author  = {Ara{\'u}jo, Miguel B. and Guisan, Antoine},
  title   = {Five (or so) challenges for species distribution modelling},
  journal = {Journal of Biogeography},
  year    = {2006},
  volume  = {33},
  number  = {10},
  pages   = {1677--1688},
  doi     = {10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01584.x}
}

% ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
% Included primary studies cited in the narrative text (author--year labels in
% tables/figures; Vancouver-numbered in prose via these keys)
% ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

@article{blackburn2015,
  author  = {Blackburn, Jason K. and Odugbo, Moses Ode and Van Ert, Matthew and O'Shea, Bob and Mullins, Jocelyn and Perrenten, Vincent and Maho, Angaya and Hugh-Jones, Martin and Hadfield, Ted},
  title   = {Bacillus anthracis diversity and geographic potential across {Nigeria}, {Cameroon} and {Chad}: further support of a novel {West African} lineage},
  journal = {PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases},
  year    = {2015},
  volume  = {9},
  number  = {8},
  pages   = {e0003931},
  doi     = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0003931}
}

@article{nsoh2016,
  author  = {Nsoh, Ayamdooh Evans and Kenu, Ernest and Forson, Eric Kofi and Afari, Edwin and Sackey, Samuel and Nyarko, Kofi Mensah and Yebuah, Nathaniel},
  title   = {Mapping as a tool for predicting the risk of anthrax outbreaks in {Northern Region} of {Ghana}},
  journal = {Pan African Medical Journal},
  year    = {2016},
  volume  = {25},
  doi     = {10.11604/pamj.supp.2016.25.1.6205}
}

@article{assefa2020,
  author  = {Assefa, Ayalew and Bihon, Amare and Tibebu, Abebe},
  title   = {Anthrax in the {Amhara} regional state of {Ethiopia}; spatiotemporal analysis and environmental suitability modeling with an ensemble approach},
  journal = {Preventive Veterinary Medicine},
  year    = {2020},
  volume  = {184},
  pages   = {105155},
  doi     = {10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105155}
}

@article{yousuf2020,
  author  = {Yousuf, Michael A. and Asfaw, Solomon and Mengistu, Shimelis and Husen, Mohammedsham},
  title   = {Spatial suitability modeling of zoonosis: implicated risk areas of {Bacillus anthracis} and trends under climate change scenarios in {Ethiopia}},
  journal = {bioRxiv},
  year    = {2020},
  note    = {Preprint},
  doi     = {10.1101/2020.11.27.400879}
}

@article{otieno2021a,
  author  = {Otieno, Fredrick Tom and Gachohi, John and Gikuma-Njuru, Peter and Kariuki, Patrick and Oyas, Harry and Canfield, Samuel A. and Blackburn, Jason K. and Njenga, M. Kariuki and Bett, Bernard},
  title   = {Modeling the spatial distribution of anthrax in southern {Kenya}},
  journal = {PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases},
  year    = {2021},
  volume  = {15},
  number  = {3},
  pages   = {e0009301},
  doi     = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0009301}
}

@article{otieno2021b,
  author  = {Otieno, Fredrick Tom and Gachohi, John and Gikuma-Njuru, Peter and Kariuki, Patrick and Oyas, Harry and Canfield, Samuel A. and Bett, Bernard and Njenga, Moses Kariuki and Blackburn, Jason K.},
  title   = {Modeling the potential future distribution of anthrax outbreaks under multiple climate change scenarios for {Kenya}},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  year    = {2021},
  volume  = {18},
  number  = {8},
  pages   = {4176},
  doi     = {10.3390/ijerph18084176}
}

@article{carlson2019,
  author  = {Carlson, Colin J. and Kracalik, Ian T. and Ross, Noam and Alexander, Kathleen A. and Hugh-Jones, Martin E. and Fegan, Mark and Elkin, Brett T. and Epp, Tasha and Shury, Todd K. and Zhang, Wenyi and Bagirova, Mehriban and Getz, Wayne M. and Blackburn, Jason K.},
  title   = {The global distribution of {Bacillus anthracis} and associated anthrax risk to humans, livestock and wildlife},
  journal = {Nature Microbiology},
  year    = {2019},
  volume  = {4},
  number  = {8},
  pages   = {1337--1343},
  doi     = {10.1038/s41564-019-0435-4}
}

@article{kamboyi2019,
  author  = {Kamboyi, Harvey K. and de Garine-Wichatitsky, Michel and Hang'ombe, Mudenda B. and Munyeme, Musso},
  title   = {Risk mapping and eco-anthropogenic assessment of anthrax in the upper {Zambezi} basin},
  journal = {Veterinary Medicine and Science},
  year    = {2019},
  volume  = {5},
  number  = {3},
  pages   = {419--427},
  doi     = {10.1002/vms3.168}
}

@article{nakanwagi2020,
  author  = {Nakanwagi, Miriam and Ario, Alex Riolexus and Kwagonza, Leocadia and Aceng, Freda Loy and Mwesigye, James and Bulage, Lilian and Buule, Joshua and Sendagala, Juliet Nsimire and Downing, Robert and Zhu, Bao-Ping},
  title   = {Outbreak of gastrointestinal anthrax following eating beef of suspicious origin: {Isingiro District}, {Uganda}, 2017},
  journal = {PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases},
  year    = {2020},
  volume  = {14},
  number  = {2},
  pages   = {e0008026},
  doi     = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0008026}
}

@article{hamutyinei2022,
  author  = {Hamutyinei Dhliwayo, Theresa and Chonzi, Prosper and Madembo, Collen and Juru, Tsitsi Patience and Chadambuka, Addmore and Gombe, Notion Tafara and Chikerema, Silvester and Shambira, Gerald and Umeokonkwo, Chukwuma David and Tshimanga, Mufuta},
  title   = {Anthrax outbreak investigation in {Tengwe}, {Mashonaland West Province}, {Zimbabwe}, 2022},
  journal = {PLOS ONE},
  year    = {2022},
  volume  = {17},
  number  = {12},
  pages   = {e0278537},
  doi     = {10.1371/journal.pone.0278537}
}

@article{ndolo2022kenya,
  author  = {Ndolo, Valentina A. and Redding, David William and Lekolool, Isaac and Mwangangi, David Mumo and Odhiambo, David Onyango and Deka, Mark A. and Conlan, Andrew J. K. and Wood, James L. N.},
  title   = {Drivers and potential distribution of anthrax occurrence and incidence at national and sub-county levels across {Kenya} from 2006 to 2020 using {INLA}},
  journal = {Scientific Reports},
  year    = {2022},
  volume  = {12},
  number  = {1},
  doi     = {10.1038/s41598-022-24589-5}
}

@article{ndolo2022uganda,
  author  = {Ndolo, Valentina A. and Redding, David and Deka, Mark A. and Salzer, Johanna S. and Vieira, Antonio R. and Onyuth, H. and Ocaido, M. and Tweyongyere, R. and Azuba, R. and Monje, F. and Ario, Alex Riolexus and Kabwama, S. and Kisaakye, E. and Bulage, Lilian and Kwesiga, Benon and Ntono, V. and Harris, J. and Wood, James L. N. and Conlan, Andrew J. K.},
  title   = {The potential distribution of {Bacillus anthracis} suitability across {Uganda} using {INLA}},
  journal = {Scientific Reports},
  year    = {2022},
  volume  = {12},
  number  = {1},
  doi     = {10.1038/s41598-022-24281-8}
}

@article{aminu2022,
  author  = {Aminu, Olubunmi R. and Forde, Taya L. and Ekwem, Divine and Johnson, Paul and Nelli, Luca and Mmbaga, Blandina T. and Mshanga, Deogratius and Shand, Mike and Shirima, Gabriel and Walsh, Markus and Zadoks, Ruth N. and Biek, Roman and Lembo, Tiziana},
  title   = {Participatory mapping identifies risk areas and environmental predictors of endemic anthrax in rural {Africa}},
  journal = {Scientific Reports},
  year    = {2022},
  volume  = {12},
  number  = {1},
  doi     = {10.1038/s41598-022-14081-5}
}

@article{mutesi2025,
  author  = {Mutesi, Charity and Migisha, Richard and Katumba, Hannington and Ainembabazi, Bridget and Naiga, Helen Nelly and Kellermann, Scott and Mutahunga, Birungi and Ouma, Fred and Tumwesigye, Aloysius and Ilimaso, Frank and Bulage, Lilian and Ario, Alex Riolexus},
  title   = {Anthrax outbreak investigation in {Kanungu District}, {Uganda}, {June--November} 2024},
  journal = {Research Square},
  year    = {2025},
  note    = {Preprint},
  doi     = {10.21203/rs.3.rs-6854973/v1}
}

@article{pittiglio2022,
  author  = {Pittiglio, Claudia and Shadomy, Sean and El Idrissi, Ahmed and Soumare, Baba and Lubroth, Juan and Makonnen, Yilma},
  title   = {Seasonality and ecological suitability modelling for anthrax ({Bacillus anthracis}) in {Western Africa}},
  journal = {Animals},
  year    = {2022},
  volume  = {12},
  number  = {9},
  pages   = {1146},
  doi     = {10.3390/ani12091146}
}

@article{kracalik2017,
  author  = {Kracalik, Ian T. and Kenu, Ernest and Ayamdooh, Evans Nsoh and Allegye-Cudjoe, Emmanuel and Polkuu, Paul Nokuma and Frimpong, Joseph Asamoah and Nyarko, Kofi Mensah and Bower, William A. and Traxler, Rita and Blackburn, Jason K.},
  title   = {Modeling the environmental suitability of anthrax in {Ghana} and estimating populations at risk: implications for vaccination and control},
  journal = {PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases},
  year    = {2017},
  volume  = {11},
  number  = {10},
  pages   = {e0005885},
  doi     = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0005885}
}

@article{mwakapeje2019,
  author  = {Mwakapeje, Elibariki R. and Ndimuligo, Sood A. and Mosomtai, Gladys and Ayebare, Samuel and Nyakarahuka, Luke and Nonga, Hezron E. and Mdegela, Robinson H. and Skjerve, Eystein},
  title   = {Ecological niche modeling as a tool for prediction of the potential geographic distribution of {Bacillus anthracis} spores in {Tanzania}},
  journal = {International Journal of Infectious Diseases},
  year    = {2019},
  volume  = {79},
  pages   = {142--151},
  doi     = {10.1016/j.ijid.2018.11.367}
}

@article{steenkamp2018,
  author  = {Steenkamp, Pieter Johan and van Heerden, Henriette and van Schalkwyk, Ockert Louis},
  title   = {Ecological suitability modeling for anthrax in the {Kruger National Park}, {South Africa}},
  journal = {PLOS ONE},
  year    = {2018},
  volume  = {13},
  number  = {1},
  pages   = {e0191704},
  doi     = {10.1371/journal.pone.0191704}
}

@article{kimaro2024,
  author  = {Kimaro, Elihuruma Wilson and Machelle, Ines and Olomi, Godwin and Kessy, Beatrice and Morris Kalist, Kilewo and Powers, Jennifer S.},
  title   = {Environmental factors influencing anthrax distribution in an {East African} protected area},
  journal = {African Journal of Ecology},
  year    = {2024},
  volume  = {62},
  number  = {4},
  doi     = {10.1111/aje.13350}
}

@article{driciru2020,
  author  = {Driciru, Margaret and Rwego, Innocent B. and Ndimuligo, Sood A. and Travis, Dominic A. and Mwakapeje, Elibariki R. and Craft, Meggan and Asiimwe, Benon and Alvarez, Julio and Ayebare, Samuel and Pelican, Katharine},
  title   = {Environmental determinants influencing anthrax distribution in {Queen Elizabeth Protected Area}, {Western Uganda}},
  journal = {PLOS ONE},
  year    = {2020},
  volume  = {15},
  number  = {8},
  pages   = {e0237223},
  doi     = {10.1371/journal.pone.0237223}
}

@article{deka2022,
  author  = {Deka, Mark A. and Vieira, Antonio R. and Bower, William A.},
  title   = {Modelling the ecological niche of naturally occurring anthrax at global and circumpolar extents using an ensemble modelling framework},
  journal = {Transboundary and Emerging Diseases},
  year    = {2022},
  volume  = {69},
  number  = {5},
  doi     = {10.1111/tbed.14602}
}

@article{romeroalvarez2020,
  author  = {Romero-Alvarez, Daniel and Peterson, A. Townsend and Salzer, Johanna S. and Pittiglio, Claudia and Shadomy, Sean and Traxler, Rita and Vieira, Antonio R. and Bower, William A. and Walke, Henry and Campbell, Lindsay P.},
  title   = {Potential distributions of {Bacillus anthracis} and {Bacillus cereus} biovar anthracis causing anthrax in {Africa}},
  journal = {PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases},
  year    = {2020},
  volume  = {14},
  number  = {3},
  pages   = {e0008131},
  doi     = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0008131}
}

@article{dougherty2022,
  author  = {Dougherty, Eric R. and Seidel, Dana P. and Blackburn, Jason K. and Turner, Wendy C. and Getz, Wayne M.},
  title   = {A framework for integrating inferred movement behavior into disease risk models},
  journal = {Movement Ecology},
  year    = {2022},
  volume  = {10},
  number  = {1},
  doi     = {10.1186/s40462-022-00331-8}
}

@article{gachohi2022,
  author  = {Gachohi, John and Bett, Bernard and Otieno, Fredrick and Mogoa, Eddy and Njoki, Peris and Muturi, Mathew and Mwatondo, Athman and Osoro, Eric and Ngere, Isaac and Dawa, Jeanette and Nasimiyu, Carolyne and Oyas, Harry and Njagi, Obadiah and Canfield, Samuel and Blackburn, Jason and Njenga, Kariuki},
  title   = {Anthrax hotspot mapping in {Kenya} support establishing a sustainable two-phase elimination program targeting less than 6\% of the country landmass},
  journal = {Scientific Reports},
  year    = {2022},
  volume  = {12},
  number  = {1},
  doi     = {10.1038/s41598-022-24000-3}
}

@article{john2024,
  author  = {John, Learnmore and Shekede, Munyaradzi Davis and Gwitira, Isaiah and Mazhindu, Aldridge Nyasha and Pfukenyi, Davies Mubika and Chikerema, Silvester},
  title   = {Modelling climate change impacts on the spatial distribution of anthrax in {Zimbabwe}},
  journal = {BMC Public Health},
  year    = {2024},
  volume  = {24},
  number  = {1},
  doi     = {10.1186/s12889-024-17856-9}
}