http://hdl.handle.net/10366/154354 2026-04-18T19:14:03Z 2026-04-18T19:14:03Z de Miranda Justo, João Manuel Rosado Sánchez García, José Carlos Hernández Sánchez, Brizeida Cardella, Giuseppina Maria http://hdl.handle.net/10366/155270 2025-04-30T20:44:05Z 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z

Social entrepreneurship is a research topic that has received great attention from academics especially in recent years. However, the results in the literature are far from univocal, for example, there is no clear conceptual delimitation of the term, and it is often analyzed using the same theoretical models of traditional entrepreneurship. With the present study, we have attempted to overcome this problem by analyzing different antecedents, closer to the social and emotional universe, and detached from a male-centric and traditional vision of entrepreneurship, with the aim of understanding social entrepreneurial intentions in higher education. Results obtained from a sample of 962 college students showed that prior experience with social problems (PESP) and empathy (EMP) have a significant and positive impact on social entrepreneurial intention (SEI). Furthermore, social self-efficacy (SES-E), moral obligation (MO), and perceived social support (PSS), in addition to directly influencing SEI, mediated the relationship between PESP-SEI, and the relationship between EMP-SEI. More interestingly, gender (male vs female), but not the different type of study (social sciences vs economics and business sciences), moderated the relationship between EMP-SEI to the benefit of women. Given the importance of social entrepreneurship as an alternative solution to the current economic crisis, these are important results because, on the one hand, they make it possible to overcome the male-female gap that characterizes traditional entrepreneurship, on the other, they underline the need to introduce different constructs closer to the social and emotional sphere into entrepreneurship education programs.

2023-01-01T00:00:00Z Pascucci, Tancredi Cardella, Giuseppina Maria Sánchez García, José Carlos Hernández Sánchez, Brizeida http://hdl.handle.net/10366/155269 2025-04-30T20:44:05Z 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z

In this paper, the authors aim to analyze entrepreneurial intention and focus on sustainable entrepreneurial strategies, which consider the responsible use of resources while avoiding the strong exploitation of materials and workers, and which use a long-term approach. This consideration is important in the current era, especially when considering that the incorrect hypercompetitive approaches implemented among business organizations in recent years have caused many problems around the world both ecologically and socio-economically. In this research, the authors administered questionnaires to 743 university students. These questionnaires measured considerations of future consequences, considerations of immediate consequences, environmental awareness, personal norms for acting in a pro-environmental way, sustainable entrepreneurial attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and sustainable entrepreneurial intentions. When combining these independent, dependent, and moderating variables, it emerged that considerations of future consequences, considerations of immediate consequences, environmental awareness, and personal norms for acting in a pro-environmental way have a positive influence on sustainable entrepreneurial attitudes; the authors also considered the influence on the other variables, and it was determined that sustainable entrepreneurial attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control have a positive influence on sustainable entrepreneurial intentions. Using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), all of the proposed hypotheses were verified, with the exception of influence between entrepreneurial attitudes and sustainable entrepreneurial intentions.

2022-01-01T00:00:00Z Cardella, Giuseppina Maria Hernández Sánchez, Brizeida Sánchez García, José Carlos http://hdl.handle.net/10366/155268 2024-02-06T01:00:47Z 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z

The relationship between sport and entrepreneurship is an emerging but constantly evolving research field, especially in recent years. This is an extremely important topic considering its positive impact on public health, social inclusion, economic development, and the promotion of intercultural exchange. This study has carried out a comprehensive and systematic review of literature on entrepreneurship and sport as tools for implementing social change. We used several bibliometric indicators in order to understand the current state of the literature, and scientific mapping analysis (keywords co-occurrence) to interpret the main theoretical areas of scientific interest. By searching the Scopus database, a total of 239 peer-reviewed articles were analyzed. The results showed the identification of six major recurring themes in the literature. For the purposes of our contribution, the recently developed line of research which considers sport as a tool for solving social problems through social change appears to be of particular importance. These data allow us to conclude that it is a highly multidisciplinary and active field. Suggestions for future lines of research and methodological limitations are discussed.

2021-01-01T00:00:00Z Pascucci, Tancredi Sánchez García, José Carlos Cardella, Giuseppina Maria Hernández Sánchez, Brizeida http://hdl.handle.net/10366/155267 2025-04-30T20:44:06Z 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z

The theory of separation assumes, with provocation, that an organization cannot reconcile profits and social function. Organizations can reconcile these two, apparently contrasting, missions, by considering emotions, especially moral emotions, to create a genuine motivation for focusing on goals beyond simple economic earnings and protecting organizations or groups of people from dysfunctional attitudes and behaviors, as well as considering the important role of the stakeholder accountability. Using the PRISMA method, we created a review of records using keywords relating to a socioemotional value within organizations, with a particular focus on the last 20 years. We used the SCOPUS database and, after removing irrelevant records, we used the VOSviewer tool to create a cluster map of different areas in this topic. Some records cite the socio-emotional value that is related to organizational and employee suffering, while other articles consider it a positive factor that improves performance and prevents problems in organizations.

2022-01-01T00:00:00Z Cardella, Giuseppina Maria Hernández Sánchez, Brizeida Sánchez García, José Carlos http://hdl.handle.net/10366/155266 2024-02-06T01:00:44Z 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z

In recent years, research on the family role and entrepreneurship has increased noticeably, consolidating itself as a valid and current subject of study. This paper presents a systematic analysis of academic research, applying bibliometric indicators, and cluster analysis, which define the state of research about the relationship between family role and entrepreneurship. For this purpose, using three well-accepted databases among the research community: Scopus, Web of Science, Business Source, a total of 92 articles were selected and analyzed, published between 1989 and 2019 (until March). A cluster analysis shows five main areas of literature development: (1) cultural dimension and geneder issue; (2) family business and succession; (3) parental role models and entrepreneurial intentions; (4) entrepreneurship and self-employment; (5) family support and women entrepreneurs. Findings also show how this is a relatively recent field of study, with a multidisciplinary character.

2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Ward, Alexander Sánchez García, José Carlos Hernández Sánchez, Brizeida http://hdl.handle.net/10366/155265 2025-04-30T20:44:06Z 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z

Studying the variability of entrepreneurial attitudes within different countries is important in order to identify where attempts to increase entrepreneurial spirit and activity should focus. This article analyzes differences within multiple countries, as well the causal relationship of three attitudinal variables, namely, perceived behavioral control, subjective norm, and entrepreneurial motivations with entrepreneurial intention. We used a cross-national framework and analyzed the relation of four different countries with a sample of 800 students from Argentina (200), Chile (200), Panama (200), and Spain (200). Results show variability in all attitudes between countries with Panama rating the highest in most and Spain rating the lowest. Motivations expressed for entrepreneurship are not statistically significant between most countries, which suggests the perception of entrepreneurship as an engine for personal goals is high and similar in all four countries. Regression analysis showed subjective norm’s effect is not statistically significant in Argentina nor Chile for intentions, and Panama’s intentions are highly driven by entrepreneurial motivations. These suggest policies and programs should tap on the fairly consistent entrepreneurial spirit to capitalize on student’s interest in entrepreneurship, and pull them into training programs to strengthen their competences.

2019-01-01T00:00:00Z Ward Mayens, Alexander Vargas Morúa, Gioconda Hernández Sánchez, Brizeida Sánchez García, José Carlos Florez, Jenny Lizette http://hdl.handle.net/10366/155264 2025-04-30T20:44:06Z 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z

Entrepreneurial Intention is commonly attributed to the interaction of cultural values and attitude; however, cultural values vary according to the context in which they are developed. The following study intends to show how Subjective Norms affect intentions of self-employment, as both, a direct factor and mediated through attitudinal values: Perceived Behavioral Control and Desirability, within a cross-cultural framework. A sample of 736 students from four different countries: Spain, Portugal, Mexico and India were used. Results yielded a direct relationship between Subjective Norm and Intention in all countries, except India. When mediated through attitude, the relation becomes stronger, even more when it’s through Desirability, except in Portugal, which the relationship is stronger directly through Social Norms. India does not show a relationship between Perceived Behavioral Control and Intention. Conclusions show that the influence of culture on intention, effectively, varies by context.

2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Fernandes, Cristina Ferreira, João J. Raposo, Mário Hernández Sánchez, Brizeida Sánchez García, José Carlos http://hdl.handle.net/10366/155263 2025-04-30T20:44:06Z 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z

Purpose – This paper aims to study the effects of cross-border psychological determinants among students of two Iberian universities (Portugal and Spain) on entrepreneurial intentions. Design/methodology/approach – Based on previous literature, the studies do not include any model that simultaneously uses self-efficacy, risk-taking propensity and proactive personality as psychological determinants of entrepreneurial intentions. Here, the authors try to fill this gap by developing an integrative psychological model about the formation of entrepreneurial intentions, including all these variables as the main preceding factors to entrepreneurial initiative and their influence on intentions for self-employment. Taking a sample of 293 university students from both countries, the authors empirically test regression models to analyse hold influence over the preference expressed in terms of becoming an entrepreneur. Findings – The results show differences between two countries regarding to entrepreneurial intentions. In terms of the motivations present for launching a business, the higher they are the greater the preference over the option to work for third parties. Originality/value – In addition, and in terms of the variable perceived ease of launching a company, the higher this rises, the lower the level of preference for working for third party entities. Furthermore, the greater the level of perception in terms of the social value of entrepreneurship, the greater the preference for becoming an entrepreneur.

2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Saraiva, Helena I.B. Gabriel, Vitor M.S. Sánchez García, José Carlos Hernández Sánchez, Brizeida Florez, Jenny Lizette Saraiva, Helena http://hdl.handle.net/10366/155262 2025-04-30T20:44:07Z 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z

In the psychological literature, intentions appear to be a good predictor of future planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991). This factor is directly associated with people's ability to create a business and self-employment as a strategy of progress and independence. The present study is an attempt to analyze whether there are differences between university students in Spain and Portugal regarding entrepreneurial intention and potential using the PROE instrument (Pessimism, Realism, Optimism and Entrepreneurship). The sample comprises 110 university students with a mean age of 21 years, 68.8% of whom were women and 29.5% were men. All factors evaluated have good internal consistency, and it was concluded that there are significant differences between Spanish and Portuguese students in their entrepreneurial potential, realism and optimism, with the establishment of social networks and economic motivation being the differential factors in the two populations.

2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Ward, Alexander Hernández Sánchez, Brizeida Sánchez García, José Carlos http://hdl.handle.net/10366/155261 2025-04-30T20:44:07Z 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z

Studying the variability of entrepreneurial attitudes within different countries is important in order to identify where attempts to increase entrepreneurial spirit and activity should focus. This article analyzes differences within multiple countries, as well the causal relationship of three attitudinal variables, namely, perceived behavioral control, subjective norm, and entrepreneurial motivations with entrepreneurial intention. We used a cross-national framework and analyzed the relation of four different countries with a sample of 800 students from Argentina (200), Chile (200), Panama (200), and Spain (200). Results show variability in all attitudes between countries with Panama rating the highest in most and Spain rating the lowest. Motivations expressed for entrepreneurship are not statistically significant between most countries, which suggests the perception of entrepreneurship as an engine for personal goals is high and similar in all four countries. Regression analysis showed subjective norm’s effect is not statistically significant in Argentina nor Chile for intentions, and Panama’s intentions are highly driven by entrepreneurial motivations. These suggest policies and programs should tap on the fairly consistent entrepreneurial spirit to capitalize on student’s interest in entrepreneurship, and pull them into training programs to strengthen their competences.

2019-01-01T00:00:00Z Fernandes, Cristina Ferreira, João J. Raposo, Mário Sánchez García, José Carlos Hernández Sánchez, Brizeida http://hdl.handle.net/10366/155260 2025-04-30T20:44:07Z 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z

This paper aims to study the effects of cross-border psychological determinants among students of two Iberian universities (Portugal and Spain) on entrepreneurial intentions. Based on previous literature, the studies do not include any model that simultaneously uses self-efficacy, risk-taking propensity and proactive personality as psychological determinants of entrepreneurial intentions. Here, the authors try to fill this gap by developing an integrative psychological model about the formation of entrepreneurial intentions, including all these variables as the main preceding factors to entrepreneurial initiative and their influence on intentions for self-employment. Taking a sample of 293 university students from both countries, the authors empirically test regression models to analyse hold influence over the preference expressed in terms of becoming an entrepreneur. The results show differences between two countries regarding to entrepreneurial intentions. In terms of the motivations present for launching a business, the higher they are the greater the preference over the option to work for third parties. In addition, and in terms of the variable perceived ease of launching a company, the higher this rises, the lower the level of preference for working for third party entities. Furthermore, the greater the level of perception in terms of the social value of entrepreneurship, the greater the preference for becoming an entrepreneur.

2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Sánchez García, José Carlos Ward, Alexander Vargas Morúa, Gioconda Florez, Jenny Lizette Hernández Sánchez, Brizeida http://hdl.handle.net/10366/155259 2025-04-30T20:44:07Z 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z

Entrepreneurial Intention is commonly attributed to the interaction of cultural values and attitude; however, cultural values vary according to the context in which they are developed. The following study intends to show how Subjective Norms affect intentions of self-employment, as both, a direct factor and mediated through attitudinal values: Perceived Behavioral Control and Desirability, within a cross-cultural framework. A sample of 736 students from four different countries: Spain, Portugal, Mexico and India were used. Results yielded a direct relationship between Subjective Norm and Intention in all countries, except India. When mediated through attitude, the relation becomes stronger, even more when it’s through Desirability, except in Portugal, which the relationship is stronger directly through Social Norms. India does not show a relationship between Perceived Behavioral Control and Intention. Conclusions show that the influence of culture on intention, effectively, varies by context.

2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Boada-Grau, Joan Prizmic-Kuzmica, Aldo Javier Sánchez García, José Carlos Hernández Sánchez, Brizeida http://hdl.handle.net/10366/154945 2025-04-30T20:44:07Z 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z

[ENG]In the context of entrepreneurship, cognitive adaptability is a key competence. Thus, researchers in this field are making an effort to find instruments to measure this ability in a way that allows us to predict success in the context of enterprise creation or intention. We conducted a series of exploratory and confirmatory analyses of the cognitive adaptability scale (MAC), using a sample of Spanish (N = 494), in addition to the reliability and validity analyses. We found that a three-factor solution of the MAC best fit the data. The reliability coefficients of consistency were acceptable. The validity of the MAC was confirmed by its correlation with Need for Cognition (NFC). The NFC measures the degree to which individuals enjoy cognitive activity. The present study suggests that more studies are needed in different contexts that would allow the structure of cognitive adaptability to be validated, improved or modified. [ESP] En el contexto del emprendimiento, la adaptabilidad cognitiva es una competencia clave. Por lo tanto, los investigadores en este campo están haciendo esfuerzos para encontrar instrumentos que midan la capacidad de emprendimiento y que permitan predecir el éxito en el contexto de la intención o creación de empresas. Utilizando una muestra española (N = 494), Se llevaron a cabo una serie de análisis exploratorios y confirmatorios de la Escala de la Capacidad de Adaptación Cognitiva (MAC), utilizando una muestra española (N = 494), además de la confiabilidad y validez de los análisis. Se encontró una solución de tres factores del MAC que se ajusta mejor a los datos. Los coeficientes de fiabilidad fueron aceptables. La validez de la MAC fue confirmada por su correlación con Necesidad de Cognición (NFC). La NFC mide el grado en que los individuos disfrutan de la actividad cognitiva. El presente estudio sugiere que se necesitan más estudios en diferentes contextos que permitan que la Escala de Capacidad de Adaptación Cognitiva pueda ser validada, mejorada o modificada.

2014-01-01T00:00:00Z Ward, Alexander Florez, Jenny Lizette Sánchez García, José Carlos Hernández Sánchez, Brizeida http://hdl.handle.net/10366/154938 2025-04-30T20:44:08Z 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z

[ENG]Job uncertainty and ambiguity is a reality in many current societies, therefore, the idea of self-employment has taken a more active role, not only out of necessity, but also because it brings innovation and development to societies. In view of this situation, the following question arises: how can we strengthen the entrepreneurial spirit of our students? This article has the objective to collect theoretical information of the state of the art on entrepreneurship education: what it has been, what it is, and what can it be, in order to present the current condition of the topic, both in the psychological and pedagogical field. To achieve this objective, information from 108 research sources, mainly from scientific articles and books was collected, concluding that, although generally, entrepreneurship education has significantly contributed to the creation of businesses, developing countries, specifically, those in Latin America, still require extra effort to fully implement entrepreneurship topic in the curriculums, particularly because of challenges such as political instability, technology and international competition. [SPA] La incertidumbre y ambigüedad en el empleo es una realidad en muchas sociedades actuales, por lo cual la idea de auto emplearse ha comenzado a tomar un rol más activo, no solo por necesidad, sino por los prospectos que trae de innovación y mejoría a las sociedades. Ante esta situación social nos asalta la pregunta: ¿Cómo podemos potenciar el espíritu emprendedor en nuestros estudiantes? El artículo tiene como objetivo recopilar información teórica del estado del arte sobre la educación emprendedora; lo que ha sido, es, y puede ser, con la finalidad de presentar la actualidad sobre el tema, tanto en el campo psicológico como en el campo pedagógico. Para lograr este objetivo, se recopiló información proveniente de 108 fuentes investigativas, refiriéndose a libros y artículos de revista, concluyendo que, a pesar de que a nivel general la educación emprendedora ha contribuido significativamente a su entorno y la producción de empresas, países tercermundistas o subdesarrollados, específicamente los de Latinoamérica, aun requieren esfuerzo extra para implementar en su cabalidad el tema de emprendimiento a nivel académico, particularmente, por desafíos como inestabilidad política, tecnología y competencia a nivel internacional.

2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Cardella, Giuseppina Maria Hernández Sánchez, Brizeida Sánchez García, José Carlos http://hdl.handle.net/10366/154797 2024-01-27T01:00:30Z 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z

Motivation is an essential component in higher education. In this area, researchers have described three psychological needs that drive human behavior: Autonomy, competence, and relatedness. These three needs are central dimensions of Self-Determination Theory. Various measurement tools have been used to evaluate these dimensions. Despite the universality of these, the literature lacks validation of them in the Spanish university context. The present study aims to analyze the psychometric properties of the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS) in this context. This scale was administered to a sample of 1075 Spanish university students. Confirmatory factor analysis yielded that the six-factor structure fitted the data. Results supported the reliability and validity of all the subscales. The obtained factor structure provided evidence in support of the comparability of the model between male and female students and di erent types of studies.

2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Ward, Alexander Hernández Sánchez, Brizeida Sánchez García, José Carlos http://hdl.handle.net/10366/154795 2025-04-30T20:44:08Z 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z

The percentage of female entrepreneurs is far below the level of males, although it has increased over the past several years. Based on the theory of planned behavior, the purpose of this article is to specify a model in which the relationship among entrepreneurial potential, gender and entrepreneurial intention are explored, by analyzing how perceived behavioral control (PBC) and perceived entrepreneurial skills, as exogenous variables, affect expression of intention for business, and how these are mediated by their entrepreneurial motivations and risk taking propensity. Control variables where also included in this model, such as necessity-driven motives for business, in order to observe whether these are an influential factor. An implementation of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze data collected from 677 students. Variables within the model were compared by gender using t-Test, and all multivariate analysis were done by each one separately as well in order to better gauge their perceptions. Results showed that mean differences between males and females are not abundant, and come only from intentions, PBC and subjective norm, which are higher in males; and motives for business higher in females. Multivariate analysis shows gender differences at the mediation level and that necessity-driven motives are an influencing factor, more so in males, and it hampers the significance of subjective norm. Finally, the theoretical and practical implications of the results within the framework of entrepreneurship in Spain and future alternatives to improve the entrepreneurial potential are discussed.

2019-01-01T00:00:00Z