http://hdl.handle.net/10366/156970 2026-05-07T11:29:09Z 2026-05-07T11:29:09Z Sánchez Durán, Silvia Sánchez-Sánchez, José Sánchez Reyes, Estefanía http://hdl.handle.net/10366/167279 2026-04-14T10:33:05Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

[EN]Honey is a natural food with significant nutritional and medicinal bene fits, whose properties depend on the flora and environment where it is produced. Sensory analysis is crucial to assess its quality, considering aspects such as color, aroma, taste, and texture. In addition to physicochemical and pollen analyses, organoleptic analysis helps verify the authenticity of honey, especially monofloral honeys. This product has a positive impact on the Sustainable Development Goals, promoting beekeeping and protecting pollinators. The sensory analysis process of honey is divided into different phases to evaluate its organoleptic attributes, including both qualitative and quantitative methods, using hedonic or intensity scales to measure sensory attributes. This process requires several stages in order: preparation, visual evaluation, olfactory evaluation, taste evaluation, tactile evaluation, and finally, the recording and processing of the results obtained. These sensory analyses are fundamental in the food industry as they allow us to understand how the senses influence the consumer experience. In the case of honey, educational tastings are an excellent way to explore the wide variety of honey types and promote the appreciation of its quality. These activities also provide networking opportunities and contribute to social responsibility, while raising awareness about the importance of pollinators.

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z Sánchez Reyes, Estefanía Sánchez Sánchez, José Sánchez Durán, Silvia http://hdl.handle.net/10366/167224 2025-10-02T11:03:58Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

[EN] The study of pollen content and fungal spores in honey (melissopalynol ogy), plays a key role in identifying the botanical and geographical origins of this hive product. With this aim, it is essential to describe the features of pollen such as its morphology, including polarity and symmetry, size and color, shape, sculpturing, and aperture system. Quantitative and qualitative analyses are used to determine honey origins, aiding in quality control and fraud detection. Quantitative methods classify honey based on pollen concentration, while qualitative analysis identifies pollen types through microscopy, allowing for the categorization of honeys as monofloral, polyfloral, or honeydew, based on pollen content and botanical sources. However, where they exist, regulatory standards vary with different pollen percent age thresholds for the classification of monofloral honey. Furthermore, it is impor tant to note that honeydew honey, unlike floral honey, originates from tree sap processed by insects, containing fungal spores and other honeydew elements instead of significant pollen. Accurate classification enhances market value and strengthens consumer confidence, ensuring that the quality and authenticity of the product they are purchasing can be trusted. As a result, pollen analysis proves to be a valuable tool in the honey industry.

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z Anero Bartolomé, María Teresa Carabias Martín, Florencia Carretero Anibarro, Pedro Cordón Marcos, Carlos Cuesta Herranz, Carlos Castro Alfageme, Santiago de de Miguel de Pedro, Rosario de Zafra Cañas, María Luisa Feo Martínez, María Carmen Fernández González, Delia Fuertes Rodríguez, Carmen Reyes Gangoso Ares, María Jesús García Casares, Rosario García Herrero, Isabel González Parrado, Zulima Miguélez Pérez, Carmen Nohales Escribano, María Isabel Pardo Criado, Paloma Ramos Amador, Concepción Sánchez Lozano, María Teresa Sánchez Reyes, Estefanía Valencia Barreda, Rosa María Varela Cerviño, Pilar Vega Maray, Ana María Villanueva Estebánez, José Manuel http://hdl.handle.net/10366/160296 2025-04-30T20:40:25Z 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z

[ES]Uno de los objetivos de la Consejería de Sanidad es la protección de la salud de los ciudadanos y para ello lleva a cabo actuaciones de vigilancia y control de los riesgos para la salud relacionados con la alteración del medio en que se desenvuelve la vida. Los estudios aerobiológicos proporcionan una importante información para las personas que padecen procesos alérgicos y para los profesionales biosanitarios, lo que permite adoptar medidas para prevenir o minimizar los síntomas de las alergias polínicas. La información sobre los niveles de polen y las previsiones de esos niveles se ofrece a los usuarios con los medios más idóneos que posibilita la tecnología de la información. Así, puede obtenerse esta información en el Portal de Salud de la Junta de Castilla y León (http://www.salud.jcyl.es/polen), en los medios de comunicación y recientemente mediante el Servicio de Información polínica de Castilla y León a través de sms. La importancia del polen como aeroalergeno llevó a la creación de la Red Aerobiológica de Castilla y León (RACYL), en el año 2006, mediante un convenio de colaboración entre la Junta de Castilla y León y la Universidad de León. En la actualidad Castilla y León dispone de 12 estaciones de medida, ubicadas en las nueve capitales de provincia, en Arenas de San Pedro, Miranda de Ebro y Ponferrada. Este sistema de vigilancia, que cuenta con los mejores instrumentos y profesionales, permite obtener el conocimiento de los niveles de polen en el aire de nuestra Comunidad Autónoma.

2008-01-01T00:00:00Z Rodríguez de la Cruz, David Sánchez Reyes, Estefanía Sánchez Sánchez, José http://hdl.handle.net/10366/160293 2025-10-03T11:58:19Z 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z

[EN] The aim of the present chapter was to describe the Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae pollen dynamics in the atmosphere of two cities of the Middle-West of Spain (Salamanca and Valladolid). Samples were collected by the volumetric method with the aid of two Burkard spore-traps located in the centre of both urban cities during years 2005 and 2006. This pollen type was mainly detected in the atmosphere between late Spring and late Summer, with a Main Pollen Season registered between late May and early October and maximum concentrations detected in August. The intra-diurnal pattern, calculated by means of three different methods, was very similar for both towns reaching a higher hourly concentration percentage in the second half of the day. The correlations obtained between daily pollen counts and different meteorological parameters showed that the airborne presence of this pollen type is positively associated with temperature and negatively with rainfall during MPS. According to known threshold (10-15 pollen/m3), Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae pollen concentrations exceeded this threshold during 1 day in 2005 and during 12 days in 2006.

2010-01-01T00:00:00Z Rodríguez de la Cruz, David Sánchez Reyes, Estefanía Sánchez Sánchez, José http://hdl.handle.net/10366/160292 2026-04-14T10:36:27Z 2010-10-12T00:00:00Z

[EN] Pteridophyte airborne spores are scarcely represented worldwide compared to fungal spores or even to pollen grains. However, the levels of fern spores in the atmosphere are connected to the distribution and abundance of different Pteridophyta species, being tropical and subtropical zones of Asia, America and Africa, the areas where fern spores are most abundant. Their seasonal distribution includes all the months in tropical zones, according to the continuous sporing process that usually occurs because of the sequential development of sporangia in the different fern species. In temperate areas, the presence of airborne spores is located in late Summer and early Autumn. In addition, there are few studies reporting information about hourly distribution of fern spores in the atmosphere, in which bracken spores were mainly observed at midday when spore traps are located near to fern formations. Airborne spore concentrations are also higher in near zones of fern populations and lower when spore traps move away of these zones, being registered processes of transport.

2010-10-12T00:00:00Z Rodríguez de la Cruz, David Sánchez Reyes, Estefanía Sánchez Sánchez, José Sánchez Agudo, José Ángel http://hdl.handle.net/10366/160290 2025-10-03T11:55:49Z 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z

[EN] of around half a million spores per year and individual in Cyathea arborea (L.) Sm. (Conant 1978), 50 million spores in Dryopteris intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) A. Gray, 90 million in Osmunda claytoniana L. (Mickel 1982) or up to 100 million spores in Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott (Schneller 1975). The dispersion of these spores is mainly through wind, except in aquatic species (Sharpe et al. 2010), although there are some cases of spore dispersal by animals (Boch et al. 2016). However, the dispersal capacity of the spores is controversial, with some authors claiming that their potential capacity is high (Schneller and Liebst 2007) and others claiming that they are a few metres away from the sporophyte producer (Penrod and McCormick 1996). Recent studies support a limited wind dispersion capacity strongly influenced by the lipid and moisture content of the spores (Gómez-Noguez et al. 2016). In the case of spores dispersed by animals, there is also scattering at short distances, such as slugs passing through the digestive tract (Boch et al. 2013), or at long distances through bats (Sugita et al. 2013). In this chapter we will focus on the airborne spores of ferns and lycopods, updating the advances and applications discussed by Rodríguez de la Cruz et al. (2010) and incorporating notes on spore morphology as well as a simple identification key for the different genera identified in the atmosphere

2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Sánchez Reyes, Estefanía Sánchez Sánchez, José http://hdl.handle.net/10366/160093 2026-04-14T10:37:41Z 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z