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<title>Scientific Repository</title>
<link href="http://hdl.handle.net/10366/3823" rel="alternate"/>
<subtitle>Investigación científica producida o editada por los departamentos y centros de la Universidad de Salamanca</subtitle>
<id>http://hdl.handle.net/10366/3823</id>
<updated>2026-09-19T05:35:01Z</updated>
<dc:date>2026-09-19T05:35:01Z</dc:date>
<entry>
<title>Cybersecurity for all: training to prevent scams in rural areas</title>
<link href="http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172796" rel="alternate"/>
<author>
<name>García Alfaraz, Ana Isabel</name>
</author>
<id>http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172796</id>
<updated>2026-09-15T00:02:15Z</updated>
<published>2025-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
<summary type="text">The irruption of the Internet has transformed society, particularly impacting rural areas, which often face depopulation, an aging population, limited access to technology, and restricted public and private services, such as the absence of bank branches. These conditions make rural inhabitants more vulnerable to online fraud. To address this issue, professors and students of the Degree in criminology of the University of Salamanca developed a service-learning project. The students designed a questionnaire to assess awareness of bank scams in three villages in Salamanca and, based on the results, implemented workshops and prevention strategies. Subsequently, they evaluated the impact through another questionnaire, highlighting positive changes in behavior patterns when faced with suspicious activities, showing an improvement in awareness of the problem.
</summary>
<dc:date>2025-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Hydrogen embrittlement in pre-loaded sharply-notched samples of cold-drawn pearlitic steel wires for prestressed concrete structures: a fractographic analysis</title>
<link href="http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172795" rel="alternate"/>
<author>
<name>Toribio Quevedo, Jesús Andrés</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>Ayaso Yáñez, Francisco Javier</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>Lorenzo Fernández, Miguel Ángel</name>
</author>
<id>http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172795</id>
<updated>2026-09-15T00:02:22Z</updated>
<published>2026-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
<summary type="text">[EN]Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) is a primary cause of in-service failure of pearlitic prestressing steels, compromising the long-term durability and safety of prestressed concrete structures. This fracture process causes a material brittle fracture due to hydrogen-assisted micro-damage (HAMD). The main stage of HE is hydrogen transport by diffusion towards critical locations, a process highly sensitive to hydrostatic stress and plastic strain gradients. Accordingly, different HAMD scenarios to analyse HE in prestressing steels are defined in this study by modifying the stress and strain fields through sharp notches and mechanical preloading to induce residual stress and strains. To achieve this goal, two sharply-notched geometries were considered varying notch depth, shallow notch and deep notch. Both preloaded (90% of in-air fracture load) and un-preloaded notched samples were tested under a constant loading (70% of in-air fracture load) up to final fracture in the presence of an environment (saturated solution of Ca(OH)2 with 0.1 g/l NaCl) under electrochemical conditions (pH =12.5, E = −1200 mV SCE, saturated calomel electrode) promoting HE. Fractographic analysis via SEM of the fracture surfaces was performed to analyse the variations on the HAMD scenarios. The obtained results reveal different HE behaviours: shallow notches exhibited highly localized hydrogen damage and shorter time-to-failure, whereas deep notches resulted in more distributed damage and extended fracture lives.
</summary>
<dc:date>2026-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Hacia la adquisición de competencias prácticas en la asignatura de Introducción a la Criminología</title>
<link href="http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172794" rel="alternate"/>
<author>
<name>García Alfaraz, Ana Isabel</name>
</author>
<id>http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172794</id>
<updated>2026-09-15T00:02:16Z</updated>
<published>2026-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
<summary type="text">[ES] El proyecto de innovación docente «Aprendiendo a aplicar la Criminología a contextos reales» (ID2024/024), desarrollado en la asignatura Introducción a la Criminología del Grado en Criminología de la Universidad de Salamanca, tuvo como objetivo incorporar metodologías activas orientadas a la aplicación práctica de los conocimientos criminológicos. Participaron 195 estudiantes, que realizaron actividades basadas en problemas y proyectos, talleres prácticos, debates, role-playing, mapas conceptuales y tutorías de seguimiento. Entre las principales actuaciones se incluyeron la colaboración con la Policía Local de Salamanca y el desarrollo de prácticas grupales centradas en el análisis de problemas sociales y comunitarios, el diseño de estrategias preventivas y la elaboración de materiales de intervención, como trípticos, cómics, juegos, vídeos y aplicaciones. Los resultados mostraron una mayor integración de los conocimientos teóricos y prácticos, así como un incremento de la motivación y la participación del alumnado y del desarrollo de competencias transversales, entre ellas el pensamiento crítico, la creatividad y la toma de decisiones. Asimismo, se observó una evolución positiva del rendimiento académico y de la percepción del grado de preparación para el ejercicio profesional. En conjunto, los resultados sugieren que la incorporación de metodologías activas y experienciales en los primeros cursos del Grado en Criminología puede contribuir a mejorar la conexión entre los contenidos académicos y su aplicación en contextos profesionales.
</summary>
<dc:date>2026-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>O Ensino Especial no regime jurãdico da educação inclusiva estudo comparativo entre Portugal e Espanha</title>
<link href="http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172793" rel="alternate"/>
<author>
<name>Nieto Ratero, Álvaro</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>Mateus, Raquel</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>Ferreira, Sara</name>
</author>
<id>http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172793</id>
<updated>2026-09-15T00:02:02Z</updated>
<published>2023-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
<summary type="text">[PO]O  presente  artigo tem como objetivo fazer uma análise  comparativa  do atual enquadramento normativo-legal do Ensino Especial em Portugal e em Espanha. Não pretendemos fazer uma resenha histórica sobre o Ensino  Especial  na  Península  Ibérica,  mas  considerámosobrigatório  aludir  a  alguns  marcos  que  foram determinantes  no  decorrer  da sua  evolução  até  ao  atual  paradigma  da  educação  inclusiva,  com  ponto de partida nas últimas décadas do século XX. Desde logo, os documentos de carácter universal, como sendo a Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem(1948) e a Convenção dos Direitos da Criança(1989), cujas conceções de igualdade influenciaram os quadros teóricos patentes nos documentos legislativos. Também a Declaração de Salamanca(1994) constituiu um ponto de viragem no paradigma da Educação Especial, colocando  na  escola  a  responsabilidade  de  atingir  o  princípio  da  educação  para  todos  com  vista  a  uma sociedade mais inclusiva.Passados três anos das mudançaslegislativas, em ambos os países, que incluíram o Ensino  Especialno  Regime  Jurídico  da  Educação  Inclusiva,  iremos  confrontar  os  documentos  e  as medidas de suporte à aprendizagem e inclusãoque lhes estão subjacentes.; [EN]This article aims to make a comparative analysis of the current normative-legal framework of Special Education in Portugal and Spain. We do not intend to make a historical review of Special Education in the Iberian Peninsula, but we consider it mandatory to allude to some milestones that were decisive in the course of its evolution until the current paradigm of inclusive education, with its starting point in the last decades of the 20th century. First of all, documents of a universal nature, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), whose conceptions of equality influenced the theoretical frameworks shown in the legislative documents. The Salamanca Declaration (1994) also constituted a turning point in the paradigm of Special Education, placing the responsibility on schools to achieve the principle of education for all with a view to a more inclusive society. After three years of legislative changes, in both countries, which included Special Education in the Legal Regime of Inclusive Education, we will confront the documents and support measures for learning and inclusion that underlie them.; [ES]Este artículo pretende hacer un análisis comparativo del actual marco legal y normativo de la Educación Especial en Portugal y España. No pretendemos hacer un recorrido histórico de la Educación Especial en la Península Ibérica, pero consideramos obligatorio mencionar algunos hitos que fueron cruciales en el curso de su evolución hasta el actual paradigma de la educación inclusiva, a partir de las últimas décadas del siglo XX. En primer lugar, los documentos de carácter universal, como la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos (1948) y la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño (1989), cuyas concepciones de la igualdad han influido en los marcos teóricos evidenciados en los documentos legislativos. También la Declaración de Salamanca (1994) supuso un punto de inflexión en el paradigma de la Educación Especial, haciendo recaer en la escuela la responsabilidad de alcanzar el principio de la educación para todos con el fin de lograr una sociedad más inclusiva. Tres años después de los cambios legislativos en ambos países, que incluyeron la Educación Especial en el marco legal para la Educación Inclusiva, confrontaremos los documentos y las medidas de apoyo al aprendizaje y la inclusión que subyacen en ellos. Palabras clave: educación inclusiva; educación especial; medidas educativas.
</summary>
<dc:date>2023-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Intrahistoria y memoria del exilio interior español en ’El espíritu de la colmena’ (Víctor Erice, 1973). Una visión desde María Zambrano</title>
<link href="http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172792" rel="alternate"/>
<author>
<name>Valle Álvarez, Jorge</name>
</author>
<id>http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172792</id>
<updated>2026-09-15T00:02:30Z</updated>
<published>2025-01-31T00:00:00Z</published>
<summary type="text">[ES]En 1973, María Zambrano viajó a Ginebra para ver 'El espíritu de la colmena', de Víctor Erice . La filósofa quedó cautivada por la visión que la película ofrecía de la historia reciente de España, marcada por la desesperanza y la desolación que afligían a los republicanos españoles obligados a permanecer en el país como exiliados internos. Zambrano vio la película pocos años antes de la transición de España a la democracia, en un momento en que creía esencial recuperar la memoria sepultada del proyecto republicano, cuya huella aún perduraba en la vida de los exiliados españoles, para construir el nuevo proyecto democrático que surgiría en España a finales de los años setenta. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las imágenes de El espíritu de la colmena a partir de las nociones de historia interna y memoria exploradas por Zambrano en su obra, para considerar cómo el cine puede deshacer la condición «espectral» que, según ella, era el destino de todo exiliado. [EN]In 1973, María Zambrano travelled to Geneva to see Víctor Erice’s The Spirit of the Beehive. The philosopher was captivated by the view the film offered of Spain’s recent intrahistory, marked by the hopelessness and despair that afflicted those Spanish Republicans who had been forced to remain in the country as interior exiles. Zambrano saw the film just a few years before Spain’s transition to democracy, at a time when she believed it was essential to recover the buried memory of the Republican project, whose imprint was still present in the lives of Spanish exiles, in order to build the new democratic project that would emerge in Spain in the late 1970s. The aim of this article is to analyse the images of The Spirit of the Beehive based on the notions of intrahistory and memory explored by Zambrano in her work in order to consider how cinema may be able to undo the “spectral” condition that Zambrano believed was the lot of every exile.
</summary>
<dc:date>2025-01-31T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Acerca de la perspectiva de género en las Ciencias penales</title>
<link href="http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172791" rel="alternate"/>
<author>
<name>García Alfaraz, Ana Isabel</name>
</author>
<id>http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172791</id>
<updated>2026-09-15T00:02:12Z</updated>
<published>2024-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
<summary type="text">El artículo aborda la perspectiva de género desde las tres ramas de las Ciencias penales: la Criminología, el Derecho penal y la Política criminal. Desde una perspectiva criminológica, analiza los procesos de criminalización y victimización, poniendo de relieve la influencia histórica del patriarcado en la definición de las conductas delictivas y en la construcción social de la mujer como víctima especialmente vulnerable. En el ámbito del Derecho penal, examina la respuesta del sistema penal ante las distintas manifestaciones de desigualdad y violencia contra las mujeres, así como los límites y la eficacia de su intervención como último recurso del Estado. Finalmente, desde la perspectiva de la Política criminal, analiza las estrategias dirigidas a combatir la discriminación por razón de género, con especial atención al denominado «feminismo punitivo» y al paternalismo punitivo estatal.&#13;
El estudio concluye que el Derecho penal, considerado de forma aislada, no constituye una herramienta suficiente para abordar una desigualdad de carácter estructural y que el incremento del punitivismo no garantiza por sí mismo ni una adecuada prevención del delito ni el empoderamiento efectivo de las mujeres. Frente a ello, se plantea la necesidad de impulsar políticas sociales activas, incorporar un conocimiento criminológico riguroso al diseño de las políticas normativas y explorar mecanismos alternativos, como la justicia restaurativa. Estas vías permitirían avanzar hacia modelos de liderazgo femenino y hacia una igualdad efectiva que trascienda la respuesta estrictamente penal.
</summary>
<dc:date>2024-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Being a teacher in a time of pandemic</title>
<link href="http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172789" rel="alternate"/>
<author>
<name>Bonifácio, Evangelina</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>Carvalho, Luísa</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>Marchão, Amélia</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>Nieto Ratero, Álvaro</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>Rebola, Fernando</name>
</author>
<id>http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172789</id>
<updated>2026-09-15T00:02:00Z</updated>
<published>2023-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
<summary type="text">[EN]This study was conducted in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and, more specifically, withinthe research project ‘Teaching and Learning in Times of COVID-19: Teachers’ and Students’Perceptions in Cross-border Regions’. This study—conducted in Portugal—intended to diagnosethe perceptions of basic education teachers and students regarding distance learning (D@L),considering a wide range of variables. This study was developed based on a multi-perspectiveapproach, and data were collected via questionnaire surveys with open- and close-ended ques-tions. In this study, we only intend to understand teachers’ perceptions and, more specifically,issues pertaining to teaching professionalism. The results reflect teachers’ perceptions of thetransformations and challenges of D@L, the affirmation and recognition, and the ethical anddeontological issues associated with the teaching profession following the educational changesimposed by the pandemic. More concretely, they suggest that D@L was accompanied by trans-formations or challenges that led to the reconfiguration of teaching and learning processes andcontributed to the professional development of the study participants. However, the responsetrends differed because D@L has enabled the affirmation and social recognition of the teachingprofession and raises ethical and deontological questions regarding the participants’professionalism.
</summary>
<dc:date>2023-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Evaluación transfronteriza del tejido empresarial especializado en fabricación aditiva</title>
<link href="http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172788" rel="alternate"/>
<author>
<name>Rodríguez Martín, Manuel</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>Prieto Sánchez, Carlos Javier</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>García Martín, Roberto José</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>Lorenzo Fernández, Miguel Ángel</name>
</author>
<id>http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172788</id>
<updated>2026-09-15T00:02:20Z</updated>
<published>2025-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
<summary type="text">[ES]En este trabajo, se lleva a cabo una investigación prospectiva utilizando fuentes abiertas para identificar y analizar las organizaciones que se benefician de la fabricación aditiva en la región transfronteriza entre el oeste de España y el norte de Portugal. El&#13;
objetivo es evaluar la especialización empresarial en el contexto de esta tecnología propia de la Industria 4.0 en dos regiones caracterizadas por procesos de despoblación y desindustrialización. La metodología adoptada incluye una búsqueda sistemática basada en criterios predefinidos, seguida de un análisis cuantitativo en base a tres factores de estratificación: tamaño organizacional, objetivos empresariales, localización geográfica, cifras de venta y número de empleados. Además, se realiza un análisis cualitativo y heurístico de la información accesible sobre las organizaciones clave, explorando su vinculación con el desarrollo socioeconómico regional. &#13;
[EN]In this paper, a prospective investigation is conducted using open sources on organizations benefiting from additive manufacturing in the cross-border region between western Spain and northern Portugal. This work aims to assess business specialization within the framework of this Industry 4.0 technology in two areas affected by depopulation and deindustrialization processes. The adopted methodology includes a systematic search based on predefined criteria, followed by a quantitative analysis based on three stratification factors: company size, business objectives, and geographic location. Additionally, a qualitative and heuristic analysis of open information from key organizations and their relationship with regional socio-economic development is carried out.
</summary>
<dc:date>2025-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Migraciones climáticas: un desafío criminológico</title>
<link href="http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172787" rel="alternate"/>
<author>
<name>García Alfaraz, Ana Isabel</name>
</author>
<id>http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172787</id>
<updated>2026-09-15T00:02:09Z</updated>
<published>2024-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
<summary type="text">[ES]El artículo aborda la relación entre cambio climático y migraciones desde la perspectiva de la Criminología verde. Analiza los desplazamientos forzados provocados por fenómenos climáticos y la insuficiente protección jurídica de las personas afectadas, que no encuentran encaje en el estatuto internacional de refugiado. Asimismo, examina la responsabilidad de los Estados y empresas del Norte Global con mayor contribución al cambio climático en la generación de estos desplazamientos y plantea la consideración de determinados daños ambientales como crímenes contra la humanidad, así como el reconocimiento del ecocidio como delito autónomo. Finalmente, propone un enfoque interdisciplinar y global que priorice la protección de los derechos humanos y contemple la dimensión de justicia climática.[EN]The overexploitation of natural resources, the implementation of unsustainable prac-&#13;
tices and policies, the primacy of economic interests, etc., cause significant environmen-&#13;
tal consequences: global warming, rising sea levels, loss of biodiversity, desertification,&#13;
drought, floods, hurricanes, etc., which constitute a clear manifestation of a reality: climate&#13;
change. However, the effects of this global phenomenon are not distributed evenly across&#13;
the planet but are more dramatic in the most vulnerable countries, regions or groups. These pages will address the interaction between climate change and migration, as well as the&#13;
challenges that arise, especially in the field of Criminology.
</summary>
<dc:date>2024-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Beyond rare gases: Cooling of trapped BN− ions by H2 molecules [Dataset]</title>
<link href="http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172785" rel="alternate"/>
<author>
<name>Rana, Siddhuram</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>Lourderaj, U.</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>Giri, K.</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>González Sánchez, Lola</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>Yurtsever, E.</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>Sathyamurthy, N.</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>Gianturco, Franco A.</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>Dulitz, Katrin</name>
</author>
<id>http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172785</id>
<updated>2026-09-15T00:02:17Z</updated>
<published>2026-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
<summary type="text">[EN]Quantum dynamics of collisional cooling of the BN− anion in a cold trap is carried out by using the ortho- and para-H2&#13;
molecules as a buffer gas. The calculations are performed using the full four-dimensional interaction potential energy&#13;
surface in which both BN− and H2 are treated as vibrationless rigid rotors, computed from ab initio methods and further&#13;
accurately fitted using an artificial neural network approach. Relevant state-to-state rotationally inelastic cross sections&#13;
are computed from quantum methods and the ensuing inelastic rate coefficients for the temperatures of interest are&#13;
obtained. The latter are employed within a modeling of the cooling process at a variety of trap conditions. The results&#13;
are discussed in the context of earlier data obtained using the rare gases He and Ar as buffer gases in the same trap. The&#13;
effects of having either para- or ortho-H2 as collision partner are analysed.
</summary>
<dc:date>2026-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Hacia una subjetividad sostenible: pensar la crisis ecológica desde la razón poética de María Zambrano</title>
<link href="http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172784" rel="alternate"/>
<author>
<name>Valle Álvarez, Jorge</name>
</author>
<id>http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172784</id>
<updated>2026-09-15T00:02:26Z</updated>
<published>2024-09-30T00:00:00Z</published>
<summary type="text">[ES] La crisis ecológica supone la «Gran prueba» que debe afrontar la humanidad a lo largo de este siglo, pero las soluciones propuestas hasta el momento por los círculos económicos y políticos internacionales pasan por un capitalismo verde que no cuestiona las premisas filosóficas que sustentan el racionalismo moderno y que estarían en la base de la actual crisis: el antropocentrismo extremo, la desvalorización de la Naturaleza y el consecuente dominio del ser humano sobre el mundo natural. Así pues, en este artículo se propone ampliar la noción de sostenibilidad al campo de la filosofía, con el objetivo de alumbrar una nueva subjetividad sostenible que revalorice la Naturaleza y se sepa integrada y no radicalmente separada de ella. Con este fin, se pretende pensar la crisis ecológica desde la filosofía de María Zambrano, que frente a los excesos del racionalismo y el predominio de una razón soberbia, dominante y destructiva que aísla al ser humano y violenta e instrumentaliza el mundo, propone una razón poética que, por el contrario, es humilde, persigue la unión del ser humano con lo otro y se alza sobre el amor hacia la Naturaleza.; [EN] The ecological crisis is the “Great Test” that humanity must face throughout this century, but the&#13;
solutions proposed so far by international economic and political circles are based on a green capitalism that&#13;
does not question the philosophical premises that underpin modern rationalism and which are at the root&#13;
of the current crisis: extreme anthropocentrism, the devaluation of Nature and the consequent dominance&#13;
of human beings over the natural world. This article therefore proposes to extend the notion of sustainability&#13;
to the field of philosophy, with the aim of illuminating a new sustainable subjectivity that revalues Nature and&#13;
knows itself to be integrated and not radically separated from it. To this end, the aim is to think about the&#13;
ecological crisis from the perspective of the philosophy of María Zambrano, who, faced with the excesses&#13;
of rationalism and the predominance of an arrogant, dominant and destructive reason that isolates human&#13;
beings and violates and instrumentalises the world, proposes a poetic reason that, on the contrary, is humble,&#13;
pursues the union of human beings with the other and is based on the love of Nature.&#13;
Keywords: Ecological crisis; María Zambrano; poetic reason; sustainable subjectivity.
</summary>
<dc:date>2024-09-30T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Effects of compulsory schooling up to age 18 in Portugal: An analysis from the teachers’ perspective</title>
<link href="http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172783" rel="alternate"/>
<author>
<name>Bonifácio, Evangelina</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>Nieto Ratero, Álvaro</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>Madureira, Cristiana</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>Gómez del Pulgar Cinque, Sandra</name>
</author>
<id>http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172783</id>
<updated>2026-09-15T00:01:58Z</updated>
<published>2026-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
<summary type="text">[EN]Compulsory schooling has been a topic of debate among countries, seeking to better prepare their citizens for&#13;
work and personal life, while also addressing early school dropout rates. In this case, the Portuguese educational&#13;
model is examined. In 2012, compulsory education was extended from six to 18 years of age, making Portugal&#13;
the first country on the Iberian Peninsula to implement this reform. After 13 years, it is now appropriate to&#13;
conduct a study that analyzes the current situation and evaluates the impact of this change. Therefore, the aim of&#13;
this study is to analyse and understand the influence of this extension of compulsory schooling on Portuguese&#13;
pupils through the teachers' perception. For this purpose, a quantitative methodology was carried out by&#13;
designing a digital questionnaire adapted to a Likert scale so that Secondary Education teachers could give their&#13;
views according to their teaching experience over time, with a total of 200 responses with teachers ranging from&#13;
20 to 69 years of age. For the analysis of the results, reliability, validity, descriptive, and differential studies were&#13;
conducted. The results show a highly reliable and valid instrument, yielding two factors: Educational and social&#13;
benefits of extending compulsory schooling; and Challenges and professional implications of extending&#13;
compulsory schooling. In accordance with the study's objective, a set of various items were analysed. It is&#13;
concluded that the initiative to extend compulsory education is generally positive; however, this would benefit&#13;
from being accompanied by greater material and non-material resources, continuous teacher training, and lower&#13;
student–teacher ratios to support more individualized attention and improve educational quality.
</summary>
<dc:date>2026-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Cine en la universidad: un artículo olvidado de María Zambrano</title>
<link href="http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172782" rel="alternate"/>
<author>
<name>Valle Álvarez, Jorge</name>
</author>
<id>http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172782</id>
<updated>2026-09-15T00:02:23Z</updated>
<published>2022-02-28T00:00:00Z</published>
<summary type="text">[ES] En 1952, durante su estancia en&#13;
Cuba, María Zambrano publicó en&#13;
la revista Bohemia el artículo «Cine&#13;
en la universidad», que ha permanecido&#13;
en el olvido desde entonces.&#13;
Dada la escasez de textos que la&#13;
filósofa dedicó al cine, son de indudable&#13;
interés las reflexiones cinematográficas&#13;
que Zambrano vierte en&#13;
este artículo, que nos proponemos&#13;
contextualizar y dar a conocer, y&#13;
que amplían los horizontes de un&#13;
campo de estudio, el de la relación&#13;
entre Zambrano y el cine, aún por&#13;
investigar en su totalidad.; [CA] El 1952, durant la seva estada a&#13;
Cuba, María Zambrano va publicar&#13;
en la revista Bohemia l’article&#13;
«Cine en la universidad», que ha&#13;
romàs en l’oblit des de llavors.&#13;
Donada l’escassetat de textos que&#13;
la filòsofa va dedicar al cinema, són&#13;
d’indubtable interès les reflexions&#13;
cinematogràfiques que Zambrano&#13;
aboca en aquest article, que ens&#13;
proposem contextualitzar i donar a&#13;
conèixer, i que amplien els horitzons&#13;
d’un camp d’estudi, el de la&#13;
relació entre Zambrano i el cinema,&#13;
encara per investigar íntegrament.; [EN] During her stay in Cuba, María&#13;
Zambrano wrote an article for&#13;
Bohemia magazine called “Cinema&#13;
at the University”, which has&#13;
remained forgotten until now.&#13;
Given the small number of texts&#13;
that she dedicated to cinema, the&#13;
cinematographic reflections that&#13;
Zambrano pours into this article&#13;
are of undoubted interest. We aim&#13;
to contextualize and present the&#13;
article, which broadens the horizons&#13;
of the relationship between&#13;
Zambrano and the cinema, not&#13;
fully investigated to date.
</summary>
<dc:date>2022-02-28T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Two Opposing Visions of Art: José Ortega y Gasset and María Zambrano</title>
<link href="http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172781" rel="alternate"/>
<author>
<name>Valle Álvarez, Jorge</name>
</author>
<id>http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172781</id>
<updated>2026-09-15T00:02:37Z</updated>
<published>2024-12-30T00:00:00Z</published>
<summary type="text">[EN] Art occupies a large place in the work of José Ortega y Gasset (1883–1955)&#13;
and María Zambrano (1904–1991). Both philosophers devote a large part of their written&#13;
reflections to it, but their ideological differences and their dissimilar conceptions of politics&#13;
and the role that the intellectual should play in it lead them to think of it in opposite ways.&#13;
The former admires the “new art” of the first two decades of the twentieth century for its&#13;
ability to divide society between an elite capable of understanding it and a mass that abhors&#13;
it, as well as for its return to what, for him, should constitute the essential principles of art—&#13;
de-realisation, dehumanisation, autonomy, purity— which nineteenth-century art forgets. The&#13;
latter, on the other hand, criticises the disappearance of the human and the destruction of the&#13;
forms operated by avant-garde art and defends a rehumanisation that recovers the existential&#13;
function that, for her, corresponds to all art: to serve as a mirror for human life to see itself.&#13;
This article sets out to compare these two positions by means of a comparative analysis&#13;
of La deshumanización del arte (1925), the fundamental essay for understanding Ortega’s&#13;
aesthetics, and La destrucción de las formas; [RU] Искусство занимает значительное место в творчестве Хосе Ортеги-и-Гассета (1883–1955) и Марии Замбрано (1904–1991). Оба философа уделяют большое внимание размышлениям об искусстве в своих трудах, но их идеологические различия и различные представления о политике и роли интеллектуала в ней приводят к тому, что они рассматривают искусство противоположным образом. Первый восхищается «новым искусством» первых двух десятилетий XX века за его способность разделять общество на элиту, способную понять его, и массу, которая его отвергает, а также за его возвращение к тем принципам, которые, по его мнению, должны составлять сущность искусства: де-реализация, де-гуманизация, автономность, чистота, — принципы, забытые искусством XIX века. Вторая, напротив, критикует исчезновение человеческого и разрушение форм, вызванное авангардным искусством, и выступает за ре-гуманизацию, которая восстановит экзистенциальную функцию, присущую, по ее мнению, любому искусству: быть зеркалом, в котором человеческая жизнь может увидеть себя. В данной статье проводится сравнительный анализ двух позиций, основывающихся на эссе «Дегуманизация искусства» (1925), ключевом для понимания эстетики Ортеги, и «Разрушение форм» (1944), эссе, в котором Замбрано отвечает на художественные вопросы, поставленные ее учителем.
</summary>
<dc:date>2024-12-30T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Role of residual stresses and strains after preloading in notch-induced hydrogen embrittlement of cold-drawn pearlitic steel wires for prestressed concrete structures</title>
<link href="http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172780" rel="alternate"/>
<author>
<name>Toribio Quevedo, Jesús Andrés</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>Lorenzo Fernández, Miguel Ángel</name>
</author>
<id>http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172780</id>
<updated>2026-09-15T00:02:29Z</updated>
<published>2026-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
<summary type="text">[EN] Prestressing steel wires exhibit a high susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement (HE). This failure is caused by localized hydrogen accumulation that promotes hydrogen assisted microstructural damage (HAMD) resulting in catastrophic fracture. The key phase of this phenomenon is hydrogen diffusion, a process highly dependent on non-uniform stress and plastic strain fields. Accordingly, the hydrogen diffusion kinetics and HAMD can be controlled by modifying these states. In this study, different stress and strain states are generated by modifying the wire geometry with round notches and producing residual stress and plastic strains by applying a preload. Thus, different hydrogen diffusion conditions causing diverse HAMD are analyzed. To achieve this goal, two finite element (FE) analysis were carried out in four cases of study considering two notched geometries (varying the notch depth) in a high-strength prestressing steel wire under two loading sequences: (i) a constant load and (ii) a preload (causing plastic strains and a residual stress state) followed by a constant load. Firstly, the FE simulation of mechanical loading was developed for obtaining the stress and strain distributions and these results were considered in the second FE simulation of the hydrogen diffusion assisted by stress and strain for revealing the hydrogen concentration distributions. According to the obtained results, four different scenarios for the analysis of hydrogen diffusion and hydrogen accumulation in prestressing steels are found combining the notch depth and the preload-induced residual stress and plastic strain.
</summary>
<dc:date>2026-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Reseña de Julio Vélez Sainz, «Clásicos subversivos / Clásicos subvertidos: Apropiación y vigencia del teatro áureo»</title>
<link href="http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172779" rel="alternate"/>
<author>
<name>Barros Serodio, Carmen</name>
</author>
<id>http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172779</id>
<updated>2026-09-15T00:01:45Z</updated>
<published>2026-03-31T00:00:00Z</published>
<summary type="text">[ES] Reseña de la monografía «Clásicos subversivos / Clásicos subvertidos: Apropiación y vigencia del teatro áureo», donde el autor, Julio Vélez Sainz, aborda la progresiva (des)instrumentalización ideológica del legado teatral áureo, y demuestra la vigencia y actualidad de esta dramaturgia.
</summary>
<dc:date>2026-03-31T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
</entry>
</feed>
