Departamentos

Adenocarcinoma de páncreas con comutaciones germinales en atm y brip1: implicaciones terapéuticas del síndrome minas (multilocus inherited neoplasia allele syndrome) en la era de la oncología de precisión

2026-05-14T12:14:56Z

[ES]Publicación colectiva que reúne los casos clínicos presentados al 18º Concurso SEOM de casos clínicos de 2025, estructurados por bloques temáticos como biología molecular y tumores germinales, entre otros. El volumen compila experiencias clínicas complejas, procesos diagnósticos, decisiones terapéuticas y bibliografía de apoyo, con finalidad de actualización y formación para profesionales de la oncología.

Los inicios de la Antropología de la alimentación en España (1950-1975)

2026-05-13T11:26:52Z

[ES]Si bien resulta difícil hablar de antropología de la alimentación hasta entrados los años 80 del pasado siglo XX, algunas de las etnografías realizadas en España entre 1950 y 1975 plantearon reflexiones sobre los usos y prácticas alimentarias que pueden contribuir a comprender mejor algunas de las actuales investigaciones en ese campo. Este artículo se centra, justamente, en algunas de esas etnografías que la investigación antropológica sobre la alimentación debiera tener presente. No se trata tanto de un ejercicio erudito sino más bien de mostrar cómo investigaciones realizadas hace décadas introdujeron algunos conceptos y cuestiones que, analizados con metodologías diferentes, mantienen su relevancia. A tal efecto, tras unas referencias contextuales, este texto se centra en las contribuciones realizadas por José María Arguedas, Susan Tax Freeman, Ramón Valdés y Renate Lellep quienes, desde posiciones diferentes, pero con convergencias, prestaron una especial atención en sus etnografías a las cuestiones relativas a la alimentación. [EN]Although it is difficult to speak of anthropology of food until the 1980s, some of the ethnographies carried out in Spain between 1950 and 1975 raised reflections on food uses and practices that can contribute to a better understanding of some of the current research in this field. This article focuses on some ethnographies that, because of their contributions, could be considered as forerunners for current Food Anthropology in Spain. It is not so much a scholarly exercise but an attempt to show how research carried out decades ago introduced some concepts and questions which, analysed with different methodologies, maintain their relevance. To this end, after some contextual references, this text focuses on the contributions made by José María Arguedas, Susan Tax Freeman, Ramón Valdés and Renate Lellep who, from different but convergent positions, payed special attention to questions related to food that arise in their ethnographies.

Dejarse (des)orientar: Experiencias en una etnografía colaborativa y por demanda

2026-05-13T11:21:15Z

[ES]Durante dieciséis meses, colaboramos en un proyecto vecinal llamado «Las (In)visibles de Pizarrales», que tenía por objetivo recuperar historias de mujeres significativas de un barrio obrero de Salamanca. Fuimos invitadas inesperadamente, sin haber tenido una relación pre- via con las vecinas ni estar familiarizadas con el barrio. Nuestro desconocimiento, tanto del territorio como de las dinámicas del grupo, hizo que, a lo largo del proyecto, experimentá- semos diversos momentos de desorientación. Ante estos, las vecinas respondieron guiándonos mediante prácticas y discursos que hemos denominado «dispositivos de orientación en el campo». A partir de esta experiencia, este estudio analiza cómo la desorientación puede transformarse en una herramienta metodológica en las etnografías por demanda y colabo- rativas. Para ello, hemos hecho un análisis del proceso etnográfico mediante una revisión documental y la sistematización de experiencias. Los resultados indican que: 1) la antropo- logía por demanda y colaborativa genera marcos de hospitalidad que fortalecen las relacio- nes en el campo, y 2) el reconocimiento de la desorientación en la praxis etnográfica fomen- ta la horizontalidad. Concluimos señalando que la desorientación replantea las dinámicas de poder en el campo y promueve la reciprocidad en la investigación social, por lo que se recomienda integrarla como herramienta metodológica en las etnografías colaborativas. [EN]For sixteen months, we collaborated on a community project called “Las Invisibles de Pizarrales,” which focused on recovering the stories of significant women from a working-class neighborhood in Salamanca. We were unexpectedly invited to join this project, despite having no previous connection with the local women residents and being unfamiliar with the neighborhood. Our lack of knowledge — both of the area and the group’s internal dynamics — led us to encounter numerous moments of disorientation throughout the project. In response, local women residents guided us through practices and narratives that we termed “fieldwork orientation devices.” Drawing from this experience, this study examines how disorientation can be transformed into a methodological tool within responsive and collaborative ethnographies. To explore this, we analyze the ethnographic process through a review of documentation and the systematization of experiences. The findings reveal that: 1) responsive and collaborative anthropology creates frameworks of hospitality that enhance relationships in the fieldwork, and 2) acknowledging disorientation in ethnographic practice encourages a more horizontal approach. Our study concludes by highlighting that disorientation challenges power dynamics in the fieldwork and fosters reciprocity in social research, suggesting its incorporation as a methodological tool in collaborative ethnographies.

Kinematics of Burial Remagnetizations in Fold-and-Thrust Belts: A Case Study From the South Pyrenean Foreland Basin (NE Spain)

2026-05-13T10:37:01Z

[EN]This study investigates two burial‐related remagnetizations in the Jaca–Pamplona foreland basin (Southern Pyrenees): one with dual polarity and a positive reversals test, and another with only reverse polarity. These components, labeled C3 and C4 based on their mean unblocking temperatures, were identified from a paleomagnetic analysis of 142 sites in Eocene turbidites of the Hecho Group. Component C3 shows unblocking temperatures of 250°C–350°C, systematic reverse polarity, and a predominantly post‐folding timing. Component C4 exhibits unblocking temperatures of 250°C–550°C, dual polarity and a mainly syn‐to postfolding acquisition. The spatial distribution of C4 polarity defines WNW–ESE bands parallel to structures and younging southward. The acquisition of C4 is interpreted as a chemical remagnetization triggered by progressive burial driven by combined sedimentary and tectonic loading that increased temperatures (up to ∼250°C in the deeper northern sectors, according to previous paleotemperature studies). This thermal evolution promoted authigenic, stable single‐domain magnetite growth, beginning during the Lutetian (chron C20) and probably ending in the Rupelian (chrons C11‐C10) as uplift and exhumation progressed. In contrast, the reverse polarity and post‐folding behavior of component C3 suggest a mixed origin involving both chemical remagnetization and a thermoviscous overprint during the long chron C12r (Rupelian), contemporaneous with the youngest reverse C4 band and preceding the final exhumation of the basin. These findings highlight the complex interplay among tectonics, sedimentation, and chemical remagnetization processes in the South Pyrenean foreland, providing new insight into the timing and kinetics of remagnetization in fold‐and‐thrust belts.

Magnetic fabrics and paleomagnetism of continental mudrocks: Implications for unravelling the tectonic evolution of the South Pyrenean Zone (NE Spain)

2026-05-13T10:25:25Z

[EN]The anisotropy of the magnetic susceptibility (AMS) in mudrocks has been widely used to study orogenic belts due to their sensitivity to strain, while paleomagnetism remains the most effective method to quantify vertical axis rotations (VARs) resulting from the accommodation of along-strike variations in shortening. However, AMS can be also eventually used as a passive marker to detect VARs and the integration of both techniques offers a powerful approach to understand the tectonic evolution of fold-and-thrusts-belts. In this work, a combined AMS and paleomagnetic study along a stratigraphic section of continental rocks from the Campodarbe Formation in the Jaca-Pamplona Basin, southern Pyrenees, was carried out. This stratigraphic section (Martes section) records the tectonic evolution of this part of the basin from Priabonian to Rupelian times. The magnetic fabrics show the imprint of early stages of deformation, characterized by dominantly oblate ellipsoids and WNW-ESE horizontal magnetic lineations (axes of maximum magnetic susceptibility kmax), parallel to bedding and the main regional structures. In the lower part of the section, kmax axes trend around 290º, gradually rotating to 270º towards the top. The AMS is interpreted as locked under the imprint of the layer parallel shortening (LPS) associated to the activity of the basement thrusts in the northern Jaca-Pamplona Basin. On the other hand, paleomagnetic data indicate clockwise VARs of 6º to 12º in the lower part of the section, and a counterclockwise rotation of 7º to 14º in the upper part. These differential rotations could result from lateral changes in the Biniés basement thrust or the Jaca thrust system that were active during Oligocene times. Both techniques record a net rotation of ca. 25º between the lower and upper part of the section, which support the interpretation that early-locked AMS behaves as a passive marker and validates its use for detecting and quantifying VARs.

Paradojas de los derechos sociales subjetivos

2026-05-13T08:07:37Z

[ES]Este trabajo cuestiona el abuso de la categoría de derecho subjetivo para realizar necesidades sociales (educación, sanidad, cuidados, vivienda digna) o para proteger grupos históricamente desfavorecidos. Se propone como alternativa solidaria la vuelta a la idea de Derecho objetivo, sumando el régimen jurídico de las obligaciones y recuperando una comprensión del Derecho como técnica para equilibrar los intereses de toda la sociedad.[EN]This paper questions the misuse of the category of subjective rights to fulfill social needs (education, healthcare, care services, adequate housing) or to protect historically disadvantaged groups. As a solidaristic alternative, it proposes a return to the concept of objective law, incorporating the legal framework of obligations and restoring an understanding of law as a technique to balance the interests of society as a whole.

TRAIL receptor activation overcomes resistance to trastuzumab in HER2 positive breast cancer cells

2026-05-13T00:01:36Z

[EN]The appearance of resistance to the anti-HER2 targeted drug trastuzumab constitutes, nowadays, an important challenge in the oncology clinic. To fight such resistance, we searched for potential vulnerabilities in cells resistant to that drug. To that end, we used cell lines primary resistant to trastuzumab, as well as cells made secondarily resistant to the drug upon continuous exposure. Using genomic and proteomic approaches, a deregulation in cell death pathways was identified in trastuzumab-resistant cells. More precisely, an increased response to the death factor TRAIL, caused by an increase in the cellular receptors for this factor, was observed. In parallel, a decrease in inhibitory components of the pathway was detected. This combination produces a more efficient assembly of the functional complex in the trastuzumab-resistant cells that translates in the observed increased response to TRAIL. Analysis of HER2 positive patient samples confirmed deregulation of this pathway in trastuzumab-resistant patients. Taken together our data identify a vulnerability of trastuzumab-resistant cells that could be used to design new targeted therapies in that context.

Central role of cell cycle regulation in the antitumoral action of ocoxin

2026-05-13T00:01:31Z

[EN]Nutritional supplements which include natural antitumoral compounds could represent safe and efficient additives for cancer patients. One such nutritional supplement, Ocoxin Oral solution (OOS), is a composite formulation that contains several antioxidants and exhibits antitumoral properties in several in vitro and in vivo tumor conditions. Here, we performed a functional genomic analysis to uncover the mechanism of the antitumoral action of OOS. Using in vivo models of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML, HEL cells, representative of a liquid tumor) and small-cell lung cancer (GLC-8, representative of a solid tumor), we showed that OOS treatment altered the transcriptome of xenografted tumors created by subcutaneously implanting these cells. Functional transcriptomic studies pointed to a cell cycle deregulation after OOS treatment. The main pathway responsible for this deregulation was the E2F-TFDP route, which was affected at different points. The alterations ultimately led to a decrease in pathway activation. Moreover, when OOS-deregulated genes in the AML context were analyzed in patient samples, a clear correlation with their levels and prognosis was observed. Together, these data led us to suggest that the antitumoral effect of OOS is due to blockade of cell cycle progression mainly caused by the action of OOS on the E2F-TFDP pathway.

Qué escribir del viaje, qué escribir: estrategias de repetición en las poéticas contemporáneas del desplazamiento

2026-05-13T00:01:25Z

[ES] Frente la linealidad del relato clásico, las poéticas contemporáneas del desplazamiento instauran una nueva retórica del viaje en la que priman las figuras de repetición que relevan en importancia a los tropos de comparación que definían el paradigma tradicional. En el presente trabajo analizamos los procedimientos de repetición en los relatos de viaje actuales que, como el amigo que rememora sus aventuras pasadas contándolas y volviéndolas a contar, insisten en la reformulación y la versión. Para ello, nos detendremos en primer lugar en la narración de viajes iterativos; en segundo lugar, estudiaremos la renovación retórica del género y, finalmente, revisaremos las motivaciones que conducen a los autores a movilizar sus obras de viaje a través de sucesivos formatos o ediciones.

Socially responsible investors and corporate resistance to climate disruptions: agents of change or passive participants?

2026-05-12T00:01:23Z

Climate change is a global challenge with far-reaching implications for firms and capital markets. This study examines whether ownership by socially responsible investors (SRIs) enhances firms' resilience to climate shocks. Focusing on transition and physical climate risks, we analyse whether SRI ownership reduces firms' stock return sensitivity to climate events. Using a panel of listed European firms (2018–2022), we find that SRI ownership is associated with greater corporate capacity to manage climate disruptions. Further analyses show that SRIs are linked to firms' adoption of science-based climate targets, higher green revenue shares, and lower carbon emissions intensity. However, these effects are conditional. SRI stewardship is stronger when investors are domiciled in countries with stringent climate regulations, maintain longer investment horizons, and invest in firms with high climate change exposure and located in jurisdictions with strong climate performance. These findings highlight the role of SRIs as catalysts for corporate climate adaptation while emphasizing boundary conditions that shape their active ownership.

Varón de 49 años con fiebre, malestar general y nódulos pulmonares

2026-05-12T00:01:53Z

[ES]Caso clínico: Un varón de 49 años consultó por fiebre y síntomas respiratorios de 5 días de evolución. Era exfumador desde hacía 8 años (30 paquetes/año); no consumía alcohol, ni refería alergias o exposición a tóxicos inhalados. Trabajaba como vendedor de automóviles. Como antecedentes personales refería una reconstrucción facial tras un accidente de tráfico. No cumplía criterios de bronquitis crónica ni refería historia de tuberculosis o contacto con pacientes que la padecieran.

Tabaco y diabetes: relevancia clínica y abordaje de la deshabituación tabáquica en pacientes con diabetes

2026-05-12T00:01:47Z

[ES]El tabaquismo es, junto con la diabetes mellitus, uno de los principales factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Los pacientes diabéticos presentan peculiaridades y características, algunas no bien conocidas, que hacen que el tabaquismo agrave los efectos de la diabetes y que el proceso de la deshabituación tabáquica en estos pacientes presente dificultades añadidas y que, por tanto, requiera un abordaje específico, más intensivo y con controles más rigurosos. En esta revisión se desgranan todos los aspectos conocidos que influyen en la interacción entre el tabaquismo y la diabetes, tanto en lo referente al incremento del riesgo de las complicaciones macrovasculares y microvasculares de la diabetes como a los factores que influyen en los resultados de los programas de deshabituación tabáquica. Así mismo se exponen las pautas de tratamiento de estos fumadores, incluyendo los algoritmos y pautas de tratamiento farmacológico que, basándose en evidencia científica, se han mostrado más eficaces.; [EN]Smoking is, together with diabetes mellitus, one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Diabetic patients have unique features and characteristics, some of which are not well known, that cause smoking to aggravate the effects of diabetes and impose difficulties in the smoking cessation process, for which a specificand more intensive approach with stricter controls is required. This review details all aspects with a known influence on the interaction between smoking and diabetes, both as regards the increased risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes and the factors with an impact on the results of smoking cessation programs. The treatment guidelines for these smokers, including the algorithms and drug treatment patterns which have proved most useful based on scientific evidence, are also discussed.

Comparison of survival between stages IV-A and IV-B of head and neck cancer

2026-05-12T00:00:41Z

[SPA]Analiza la supervivencia comparada entre los estadios IV-A y IV-B del cáncer de cabeza y cuello. Los resultados muestran una mejor supervivencia a 24 meses en los pacientes clasificados en estadio IV-A frente a los de estadio IV-B, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas. La conclusión principal sostiene que los pacientes en estadio IV-B presentan peor pronóstico, y que los hallazgos respaldan las recomendaciones de la actualización de la clasificación TNM.

Antitumoral effect of Ocoxin, a natural compound-containing nutritional supplement, in small cell lung cancer

2026-05-12T00:01:25Z

[EN]Lung cancer is the most frequently diagnosed neoplasia and represents the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Due to this fact, efforts to improve patient survival through the introduction of novel therapies, as well as preventive actions, are urgently required. Considering this scenario, the antitumoral action of the composite formulation Ocoxin® oral solution (OOS), that contains several antitumoral compounds including antioxidants, was tested in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) in vitro and in vivo preclinical models. OOS exhibited anti-SCLC action that was both time and dose dependent. In vivo OOS decreased the growth of tumors implanted in mice without showing signs of toxicity. The antitumoral effect was due to inhibition of cell proliferation and increased cell death. Genomic and biochemical analyses indicated that OOS augmented p27 and decreased the functioning of several routes involved in cell proliferation. In addition, OOS caused cell death by activation of caspases. Importantly, OOS favored the action of several standard of care drugs used in the SCLC clinic. Our results suggest that OOS has antitumoral action on SCLC, and could be used to supplement the action of drugs commonly used to treat this type of tumor.

Proyecto ERCAV. Papel relevante de la enfermería en la toma de decisiones sobre el acceso vascular en pacientes renales. Resultados del estudio piloto

2026-05-12T00:01:37Z

Introducción: La negativa a la fístula arteriovenosa es un reto en hemodiálisis. La intervención enfermera es determinante en la toma de decisiones compartidas. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de una intervención multidisciplinar estructurada para abordar la negativa de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica a la creación de una fístula arteriovenosa. Material y Método: Estudio piloto prospectivo y multicéntrico dividido en cuatro grupos según su situación respecto al acceso vascular. La intervención incluyó educación visual, formación del equipo en habilidades comunicativas y ecografía. Se analizaron variables demográficas, clínicas y de intervención. El estudio contó con aprobación ética y consentimiento informado. Análisis mediante pruebas paramétricas (t-Student, ANOVA) y no paramétricas (U de Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis). Resultados: Se incluyeron 51 pacientes con una edad media de 67,4±13,4 años (68,6% hombres). Tras la intervención, el 68,6% optó por fístula arteriovenosa. Enfermería lideró el 100% de las primeras consultas (media 30±12,7 minutos). La aceptación fue total en el grupo ERCA (100%) y alta en incidentes (78%), frente al 35% en prevalentes con CVC>6 meses (p<0,001). Las consultas sucesivas multidisciplinares aumentaron significativamente la aceptación frente a consultas solo de enfermería (p<0,05). Las principales barreras fueron miedo a la cirugía (54%) y comodidad del catéter (46%). Quienes aceptaron la fístula fueron más jóvenes (p<0,05). Conclusiones: La enfermería lidera positivamente la toma de decisiones mediante un enfoque estructurado y empático. La consulta ERCA es clave para la planificación anticipada, mientras que en portadores de catéter de larga duración se requieren intervenciones más tempranas.

Acessibilidade dos Dicionários Digitais para Utilizadores de Linhas Braille: Sequências, Planos e (Des)Condensação

2026-05-11T00:02:29Z

A acessibilidade dos dicionários digitais é um fator fundamental para a inclusão educativa e profissional das pessoas cegas. Esta investigação centra-se na interação entre utilizadores de linhas Braille e diversos tipos de dicionários digitais, abordando as complexidades do acesso tátil e contrastando-o com as modalidades visual e auditiva. Enquanto a leitura visual permite uma exploração global e não linear, a linha Braille oferece uma perceção tátil sequencial e plana, construindo o contexto palavra por palavra. Alguns estudos sugerem que a ausência de acesso ao Braille pode contribuir para formas de iliteracia funcional, tornando crucial a correta estruturação da informação. Este estudo realiza uma avaliação formal de dicionários instaláveis (OUP-MacOS e Larousse-MacOS), online (Infopédia, DLE) e adaptados (Wikcionário-Brailliant e Wikcionário-SeeingHands), utilizando três conceitos-chave: sequência, planos de interação e condensação. Os resultados demonstram que existem falhas na navegação por tabelas, excesso de descondensação e problemas de foco técnico, propondo-se novos princípios de design lexicográfico para a leitura tátil. Accessibility in digital dictionaries is fundamental for the educational and professional inclusion of blind people. This research focuses on the interaction between refreshable Braille display users and various types of digital dictionaries, addressing the complexities of tactile access and contrasting it with visual and auditory modalities. While visual reading allows for global, non-linear exploration, refreshable Braille displays offer a sequential and flat tactile perception, building context word by word. Some studies suggest that the lack of access to Braille can contribute to forms of functional illiteracy, making the correct structuring of information crucial. This study conducts a formal evaluation of installable dictionaries (OUP-macOS and Larousse-macOS), online dictionaries (Infopédia, DLE), and Braille-adapted versions (Wiktionary-Brailliant and Wiktionary-SeeingHands), using three key concepts: sequence, interaction planes, and condensation. The results demonstrate flaws in table navigation, excessive decondensation, and technical focus issues. New lexicographic design principles specifically for tactile reading are proposed.