http://hdl.handle.net/10366/138154 2026-04-21T05:52:09Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/138200 [EN]Solar maps are very interesting tools to describe the characteristics of a region from the solar radiation point of view, and can be applied in atmospheric sciences and for energy engineering. To make them possible, a solar radiation numerical model is proposed. This one allows us to estimate radiation values on any point on earth. The model takes into account the terrain surface conditions and the cast shadows. The procedure uses 2-D adaptive triangles meshes built refining according to surface and albedo characteristics. Solar irradiance values are obtained for clear sky conditions. Using clear sky index as a conversion factor, real sky values are computed in terms of irradiance or irradiation with a desired time step. Finally, the solar radiation maps are obtained for all the domain. 2018-04-25T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/138199 [EN]This chapter describes Wind3D, a mass-consistent diagnostic model with an updated vertical wind profile and atmospheric parameterization. First, a description of Wind3D is provided, along with their governing equations. Next, the finite element formulation of the model and the description of the solver of the corresponding linear system are presented. The model requires an initial wind field, interpolated from data obtained in a few points of the domain. It is constructed using a logarithmic wind profile that considers the effect of both stable boundary layer (SBL) and the convective boundary layer (CBL). One important aspect of mass-consistent models is that they are quite sensitive to the values of some of their parameters. To deal with this problem, a strategy for parameter estimation based on a memetic algorithm is presented. Finally, a numerical experiment over complex terrain is presented along with some concluding remarks. 2018-04-25T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/138198 [EN]This chapter is devoted to the introduction of some geographical and meteorological information involved in the numerical modeling of wind fields and solar radiation. First, a brief description of the topographical data given by a Digital Elevation Model and Land Cover databases is provided. In particular, the Information System of Land Cover of Spain (SIOSE) is considered. The study is focused on the roughness length and the displacement height parameters that appear in the logarithmic wind profile, as well as in the albedo related to solar radiation computation. An extended literature review and characterization of both parameters are reported. Next, the concept of atmospheric stability is introduced from the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory to the recent revision of Zilitinkevich of the Neutral and Stable Boundary Layers (SBL). The latter considers the effect of the free-flow static stability and baroclinicity on the turbulent transport of momentum and of the Convective Boundary Layers (CBL), more precisely, the scalars in the boundary layer, as well as the model of turbulent entrainment. 2018-04-25T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/138170 [EN]The meccano method was recently introduced to construct simultaneously tetrahedral meshes and volumetric parameterizations of solids. The method requires the information of the solid geometry that is defined by its surface, a meccano, i.e., an outline of the solid defined by connected polyhedral pieces, and a tolerance that fixes the desired approximation of the solid surface. The method builds an adaptive tetrahedral mesh of the solid (physical domain) as a deformation of an appropriate tetrahedral mesh of the meccano (parametric domain). The main stages of the procedure involve an admissible mapping between the meccano and the solid boundaries, the nested Kossaczký’s refinement, and our simultaneous untangling and smoothing algorithm. In this chapter, we focus on the application of the method to build tetrahedral meshes over complex terrain, that is interesting for simulation of environmental processes. A digital elevation map of the terrain, the height of the domain, and the required orography approximation are given as input data. In addition, the geometry of buildings or stacks can be considered. In these applications, we have considered a simple cuboid as meccano. 2018-04-25T00:00:00Z