CIDH-DIVERSITAS. Ponencias / Actas

Videojuegos y violencia de género

2014-01-01T00:00:00Z

[ES] Buena parte de los videojuegos que más se están vendiendo actualmente en todo el mundo tienden a potenciar valores contrarios a los que promovemos en la educación: la violencia como estrategia de afrontamiento de los conflictos, la competitividad y el triunfo como metas incuestionables o el menosprecio hacia las personas débiles o diferentes. Se afianza así la socialización en una cultura patriarcal, clave de género que explica gran parte de la violencia cultural y estructural de nuestras sociedades. El presente artículo analiza los diferentes videojuegos que se consumen y como éstos mantienen la violencia de género como institución patriarcal.

Medición de la actitud e influencia del tipo de aprendizaje en el estudio de la didáctica

2017-01-01T00:00:00Z

[ES] Se presenta una investigación acerca de la actitud hacia el estudio de la Didáctica en alumnos de Educación Social de la Universidad de Salamanca. En la enseñanza de cualquier disciplina a nivel académico, la actitud y el tipo de aprendizaje del alumnado constituyen un pilar fundamental. Además, el compromiso educativo al que se someten los docentes implica su intento de adecuar su enseñanza a los diferentes colectivos de estudiantes.

Valoración de riesgo de la aporofobia en personas migrantes: reto de la detección y evaluación

2020-01-01T00:00:00Z

[ES] Lo que se pretende, al denominar aporofobia al rechazo al pobre, es dar visibilidad a una situación que está extendiéndose en nuestra sociedad, y diferenciarla de otros tipos de comportamiento discriminatorio. Hablamos de una forma de discriminación que tiene la particularidad de afectar a un grupo de personas ya invisibilizadas socialmente, lo que dificulta la detección de las victimizaciones que sufren, y combatir su negación o minimización social por afectar a un grupo extremadamente vulnerable, el de las personas sin hogar.

La protección del patrimonio natural: deberes y obligaciones de la Administración

2022-09-23T00:00:00Z

[ES] La protección jurídica del medio ambiente es insuficiente en la actualidad. Una de las razones es que el lenguaje jurídico ha priorizado los derechos sobre los deberes. Atribuir deberes y obligaciones a la Administración pública podría ser una vía eficaz para proteger el medio ambiente y el patri- monio natural. Sin embargo, los conceptos de deber y obligación son todavía confusos. [EN] The legal protection of the environment is currently insufficient. One of the reasons is that legal language has prioritized rights over duties. Attribut- ing duties and obligations to the Public Administration should be an effective remedy to protect the environment and natural heritage. However, the concepts of duty and obligation are still confusing.

Estudio del riesgo delictivo en menores para su intervención

2019-01-01T00:00:00Z

[ES] a delincuencia juvenil es un fenómeno de gran importancia e interés en nuestra sociedad. La percepción social sobre los jóvenes delincuentes está relacionada con el futuro de la delincuencia en la edad adulta. El modelo meta teórico Triple Riesgo de la Delincuencia (Redondo, 2008) analiza tres fuentes de riesgos, que explican la motivación para delinquir y el riego delictivo. Las tres fuentes de riesgo están configuradas por: factores personales, carencias prosociales y oportunidades delictivas. Este estudio transversal analiza las tres fuentes de riesgo en una muestra de 85 adolescentes de edades comprendidas entre 13 y 17 años, procedentes de diferentes comunidades autónomas, que se encuentran cumpliendo alguna medida judicial por la comisión de un hecho delictivo. Para ello se ha utilizado el instrumento “Inventario de Riesgos LIBRO DE RESÚMENES  1106 Individuales y Sociales” (IRIS-R). El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la fuente de mayor influencia en la conducta delictiva, la motivación delictiva de los adolescentes y predecir la posibilidad de delinquir en el futuro al valorar el riesgo ante posibles oportunidades delictivas. Los resultados del estudio muestran que los factores más influyentes son: la exposición a oportunidades delictivas para delinquir, la baja tolerancia a la frustración, el consumo de alcohol y drogas y el relacionarse con el grupo de iguales que realizan conductas delictivas. Este estudio es determinante para identificar los riesgos mayor relacionados con el comportamiento delictivo en menores infactores y poder determinar la intervención individualizada e integral necesaria

Development of a questionnaire to explore the nursing students' perceptions of infection prevention and control learning in academia

2020-01-01T00:00:00Z

[EN] Across the European Higher Nursing Education Institutions (HNEIs) there is an emergent need to integrate Healthcare-associated Infections (HCAIs) prevention and control-related contents into the curricula, given that nursing students are expected to provide increasingly effective, safe and quality care. However, to the best of our knowledge, little is known about student nurses` perceptions regarding the HCAIs-related content lectured in HNEIs, as well as current challenges in their learning process within this thematic scope.

A Formación inicial docente e innovación curricular en Chile: modelos educativos y definiciones institucionales para la construcción del ser docente

2021-01-01T00:00:00Z

[EN] El presente trabajo aborda el estudio de los Modelos educativos de seis universidades del Consorcio de Universidades del Estado de Chile (CRUCH), que forman profesores en las macrozonas norte, centro y sur del país. El estudio analiza los sentidos formativos, enfoques, concepciones, principios, ejes y estructuras curriculares que se establecen a nivel institucional para la formación inicial del profesorado.

Huertita inclusiva: modelos de educación inclusiva e integradora

2022-01-01T00:00:00Z

[ES] La Unidad inclusión y apoyo a la discapacidad del Servicio de Asuntos Sociales, gestiona el mantenimiento y la coordinación del proyecto “la Huertita Inclusiva del Servicio de Asuntos Sociales”. Pretende crear un espacio donde permitir la interacción entre estudiantes, con o sin necesidades específicas de apoyo educativo, con colectivos externos a la Universidad como colectivos en riesgos de exclusión social (personas migrantes, con algún tipo de adicción, o entidades que conforman la Mesa de Salud del Ayuntamiento de Salamanca). De esta forma se trata de sensibilizar y eliminar prejuicios fomentando una actitud positiva. La huerta inclusiva es una herramienta que la encontramos dentro de los modelos de educación participativa e integradora. Su finalidad es dar visibilidad a todos los colectivos minoritarios en riesgo de exclusión social, creando cohesión y vínculos entre los distintos grupos sociales, estimulando un conocimiento del entorno, un intercambio de valores e información. Desde 2019 se ha utilizado esta herramienta en el SAS para trabajar las desigualdades de estos grupos minoritarios en la universidad, aunado a individuos de distintas edades, etnias y capacidades, creando de manera conjunta y sostenible lazos entre los grupos sociales. Para una comprensión global de la huertita inclusiva como herramienta se expondrá cómo es una educación inclusiva e integradora, factores que la hacen posible y el origen de esta misma. A lo largo de este ensayo se presenta también la elaboración y pautas procesan para llevar a la práctica y qué resultados ofrece.

Manejo de entornos de simulación, con tecnologías emergentes, para la adquisición de habilidades prácticas en enfermería y ciencias afines

2022-01-01T00:00:00Z

[ES] Este simposio incluye la metodología de aprendizaje/evaluación basada en la reproducción de casos clínicos basados en la práctica asistencial en entornos clínicos simulados. Para lograr una experiencia significativa de la enseñanza a través de simulación clínica en las diferentes sesiones se le presentan al alumnado los escenarios donde tengan que realizar intervenciones y actividades relacionadas con una situación asistencial. Estas sesiones son grabadas en un sistema de vídeo y visionadas en tiempo real por otra parte del alumnado. Posteriormente se analiza la situación de manera reflexiva por el grupo y el instructor (Debriefing) de esta forma se evalúan, por parte del instructor y del resto de alumnos/as si las actuaciones han sido pertinentes y si se han logrado desarrollar las competencias esperadas. Para finalizar el alumnado expone su vivencia y analiza las dificultades acontecidas y cómo evitar y mejorar la atención en un futuro escenario real de práctica clínica.

Dimensiones y aportes de la interseccionalidad para abordar las desigualdades múltiples

2021-04-28T00:00:00Z

Active diagnostics of dementia in the inland region of Portugal

2021-12-31T00:00:00Z

[EN]Background: According to Alzheimer Europe (2019), it is estimated that in 2018, there were 8,885,101 people with dementia in Europe (EU-28), with a prevalence of 1.73%. In Portugal, it is estimated that this figure is 193,516, with a prevalence of 1.88%, surpassing the European trend, since it is expected to almost double the number of cases in 2050 (346,905), reflecting the significant increase of people over 70 years and, specifically over 85. The OECD’s “Health at a Glance 2020” report indicates that Alzheimer’s and other dementia accounted for 5%of all deaths in 2017. Thus, it becomes relevant to study themagnitude of this problem also at the local level. This study aims to identify and characterize people with dementia in a region of the inland region of Portugal. It is assumed as the first stage of a more comprehensive study on the quality of life of the person with dementia and his/her family, within the framework of the NEUROQUALYFAMProject (0541_NEURO_QUALYFAM_6_E). Method: This is a cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological study of people with dementia. The data, provided by health services, refer to the active diagnoses of the disease, according to the International Classification of Primary Health Care - ICPC-2 (P70 - Dementia) and do not allow to trace any of the individuals. Result: The total number of people with active diagnosis of Dementia (P70) was in 2019, around 1603 cases, with an increase of 363 cases between 2014 and 2019. The proportion of active diagnoses in the resident population was 1.13%,with higher values in women (0.80% versus 0.33% in men). Most active diagnoses (95.51%) are from people aged 65 years or older, also reflecting the results a higher proportion in the higher age groups, namely 25.02% in the 80–84-year-old group and 43.54% in the 85-year-old group. Conclusion: The identification and characterization of people with dementia, in the geographic area under study,willnowallow the development of the study of the quality of life of these people and their families so that it is possible to implement more specific and targeted strategies for this target population.

Epidemiological impact of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias in the Spanish-Portuguese border region

2021-12-31T00:00:00Z

Background: Dementia has reached epidemic proportions and become a huge Public Health problem. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. In Spain, more than 800,000 people suffer from AD (Spanish Society of Neurology-SEN). Age is the main risk marker for developing this disease. Its prevalence is three times higher in women than in men due to females’ higher life expectancy. The aim is to know the epidemiological profile and quantify the current scope of the ADand other dementias in the rural Spanish-Portuguese border area, one of the most depopulated and aging regions in Europe. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed to estimate the prevalence of persons diagnosed with an ICD-9-CM or ICD-10 code diagnosis of dementia in ten BasicHealth Areas of the cross-border rural area of province of Salamanca, Spain, during June-July 2020 (39,354 inhabitants). The cases were recorded from the Electronic Clinical Record of Primary Care (MEDORA) by the Regional Health Management of Castilla y León. Result: A total of 579 individuals suffer some type of dementia in the Spanish- Portuguese border region, with a predominance of females (70%) vs. males (30%), and an age range of 38 to 109 years (Figure_1). AD was diagnosed in 307(53%) persons and other dementias in 272(47%). Gender distribution of the diagnoses is different in women and men (p<0.001) (Table_1). The mean(±SD) age was 85.2±7.6 years for women and 82.5±8.7 years for men (p<0.001). The mean(±SD) age of Alzheimert’s patients was lower, 83.7±7.1 vs. 85.2±8.9 (p=0.031) (Figure_2). The global prevalence of dementia was 1.47 per 100 inhabitants (0.78% in AD vs. 0.69% in other dementias). The prevalence of dementia was 2.12% in females and 0.85% in males. Prevalence range in the ten Basic Health Areas: from 2.98 (La-Alberca) to 0.77 (Tamames) per 100 inhabitants. 26.4% of people with AD and other dementias in this region were institutionalized. Conclusion: The prevalence data obtained confirm that AD and other dementias must be considered a public health problem in the rural Spanish-Portuguese border region that represents a significant deterioration in the quality of life (QoL) in patients and their families.

Social services for neurodegenerative patients and their families

2020-11-04T00:00:00Z

Introduction: Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) are the most important cause of dependency in the world. The care of these patients is mostly assumed by their families. As a result, their family quality of life (FQoL) may be affected, decreasing their well-being, and modifying their habits and normal functioning. FQoL is a multidimensional concept, composed of different aspects that determine the life situation of each family, being these components both objective and subjective. Thus, the FQoL will depend on being able to access to support services that respond to the individual needs of all members and that this is adequate to adapt the environment and lifestyle to the demands of the disease. Public administrations are responsible for covering the socio-health support needs of people with ND and their families. Objective: The objective of this research is to analyse whether the currently available social services are in accordance with the Family Life Quality model. Method: A descriptive analysis of the support offered by the public services of the Autonomous Community of Castilla y León (Spain) to people with ND and their families has been carried out, analysing its correspondence with the dimensions of the Quality of Family Life Survey of Brown and collaborators (2006): health of the family, financial well-being, family relationships, informal support, support from care services, the influence of values, leisure and community interaction. Results: The research results suggest that 1) most public services are aimed exclusively at the care of the person with ND; 2) these supports address the needs of the financial well-being, family relations and community interaction dimensions; 3) these are mainly aimed at supporting the situation when the illness worsens; 4) the limited specific services for families support them in the enjoyment of leisure and financial well-being. Conclusion: The public welfare system of Castilla y León does not consider the family of people with ND as the target of its support services, but the person with ND declared as a dependent. Thus, it does not offer support services aimed at satisfying some needs linked to the dimensions of the FQoL model. References: Brown, I., Brown, R. I., Baum, N. T., Isaacs, B., J., Myerscough, T., Wang, M. (2006). Family Quality of Life Survey: Main caregivers of people with intellectual disabilities. Surrey Place Centre.

Exploratory study of the adequacy and sufficiency of support for families with a member with neurodegenerative disease

2020-11-04T00:00:00Z

Background: Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) are chronic pathologies that generate great limitations and disabilities in the person and other effects on the Family Quality of Life (FQoL). FQoL is a multidimensional concept that includes health of the family, financial well-being, family relationships, informal support, support from care services, the influence of values, leisure and recreation, and community interaction. Several studies have demonstrated the impact that the absence of supports has on the FQoL. Objective: This research aims to explore, from the perspective of social service professionals, to what extent the service supports available to people with ND and their families in the Spain-Portugal crossborder area are adequate and sufficient to contribute to the improvement of the FQoL. Method: Qualitative methodology has been implemented. Specifically, a focus group has been conducted. Seven public social service professionals (five social workers and 2 community animators) working in the cross-border area studied participated in it. With the support of the Atlas.ti software and following a deductive coding model, the data obtained were systematically coded and interpreted by grouping the information into categories. Main results: Initial research results suggest that 1) most of the support is exclusively aimed at the care of the sick person, even if it indirectly contributes to the improvement of the FQoL; 2) there are adequate support services for the improvement of the FQoL, but they are very insufficient; 3) formal support in the rural environment is limited by the characteristics of the environment. Conclusion: Initial results suggest that the lack of access and inadequacy of support services in rural areas has an impact on the FQoL.

Review and analysis of the Spanish regulations on health and social care of people with neurodegenerative diseases and their families

2020-12-07T00:00:00Z

Background; Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) constitute a problem of great magnitude, seriousness and complexity that require actions in the diverse areas of the Health and Social System (Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad, 2016). These actions must cover the basic needs of patients and their families, while improving their care and quality of life. Given this situation, the aim of this study is to carry out a detailed review of the current national and regional regulations regarding health and social care of people with ND and their families. Method; After a systematic review of 102 regulatory measures in Spain and in the Autonomous Community of Castile and Leon, those failing to consider the family of the person with ND were discarded. Finally, 35 instructions related to ND in terms of health and social services were analyzed and classified according to their scope (9 state regulations, 16 autonomous community regulations and 10 approved strategies). Result; The analyses showed that: (1) only 34% of the regulatory instructions include contents that are directly or indirectly related to the quality of life of the families of these patients; (2) analyzed instructions do not specify how to coordinate resources and services in the health and social welfare sector for the care of people with ND and their families. Conclusion; This study shows the lack of regulations in our region and country that specifically focus on the families of people with ND, as these relatives are not deemed to be direct beneficiaries. Likewise, there is a lack of specificity regarding the coordination of the services and resources for patients and their families. Reference: Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad. (2016). Estrategia en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas del Sistema Nacional de Salud. Madrid: Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad.

Spanish translation and adaptation of a family quality-of-life survey for families of people with neurodegenerative disease

2020-12-07T00:00:00Z

Background: One of the main objectives of NEUROQUALYFAM Project is to assess the quality of life and the needs of support of families of people with a neurodegerative disease (ND) in Spain. For this purpose, The Family Quality of Life Survey‐Adapted for Main Caregivers of Persons with Dementia (FQoLS; DiZazzo‐Miller & Samuel, 2011) has been translated and adapted to the Spanish context. Method: The “International Test Commission guidelines for test translation and adaptation” were taken into account, thus considering the following phases: 1) Two initial and independent translations of FQoLS; 2) Review and synthesis of the translations; 3) Focus groups with families of people with a ND, as well as with health, social and third sector professionals, in order to assess the relevance, clarity and appropriateness of items; 4) Synthesis and agreement by a committee of experts; 5) Backtranslation and comparison with the original items; 6) Pilot study of the consensual version with a sample of families with an individual with a ND. Result: After the translation and adaptation process, the comprehension and appropriateness of items and response options in the preliminary version were verified. The application of the final version of the instrument and the assessment of its psychometric properties will be conducted in a subsequent phase of the study. Conclusion: Preliminary results indicate that the instrument has been successfully translated and adapted to the Spanish context. Moreover, this questionnaire seems to be a useful tool for assessing the quality of life of families of patients with ND as well as for designing intervention strategies aimed to optimize support resources and improve families’ health and wellbeing outcomes. Reference: DiZazzo‐Miller, R., Samuel, P.S. (2011). Family Quality of Life Survey: Main Caregivers of Persons with Dementia. Detroit, MI, USA: Wayne State University.