http://hdl.handle.net/10366/141341 Tue, 21 Apr 2026 12:57:04 GMT 2026-04-21T12:57:04Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/141734 Gold nanoparticles have been used since ancient times for ornamental and healing purposes. In the last decades, its study has been promoted by the scientific community due to its unique physical, chemical and optical properties, dependent on size. Recently, this has constituted one of the biggest advances in applied nanotechnology in health. In pharmaceutical science, nanoparticles can be innovative tools for analysis, diagnosis and therapeutic procedures. Nowadays, nanoparticles are used as drug delivery devices in order to reduce either doses or adverse effects since they improve the biodistribution of drugs by making a modified and adapted release to treat diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. This pathology of unknown origin is treated with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, such as methotrexate and tocilizumab, whose purpose is to slow down the process, which can even stop the evolution of the disease and prevent further damage to the disease affected areas. However, these drugs have high toxicity when they are used for long periods of time. As an alternative to current therapy, this work aims to study the potential improvement in treatment by encapsulating methotrexate in gold nanoparticles, as well as vectorizing them with tocilizumab.; Las nanopartículas de oro han sido utilizadas desde la antigüedad con fines ornamentales y curativos. En las últimas décadas se ha fomentado su estudio en la comunidad científica por sus propiedades físicas, químicas y ópticas únicas, dependientes de tamaño, constituyendo uno de los mayores avances de los últimos años en nanotecnología aplicada en la salud. En la ciencia farmacéutica, las nanopartículas pueden ser herramientas innovadoras para análisis, diagnóstico y procedimientos terapéuticos. En la actualidad, se estudian para emplearse como sistemas de liberación de fármacos para disminuir dosis y con ello efectos adversos, mejorando la biodistribución del fármaco mediante una liberación controlada para tratar patologías, como la artritis reumatoide. Esta patología, de origen desconocido, es tratada con fármacos antirreumáticos modificadores de la enfermedad, como son metotrexato y tocilizumab, cuya finalidad es hacer más lento el proceso, pudiendo llegar hasta detener la evolución de la enfermedad y prevenir un mayor daño de las zonas afectadas. Sin embargo, estos fármacos presentan elevada toxicidad al emplearse durante largos períodos de tiempo. Como alternativa a la terapia actual, este trabajo pretende estudiar la potencial mejora en el tratamiento al encapsular el metotrexato en nanopartículas de oro, así como vectorizar estas con tocilizumab. Tue, 14 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/141734 2020-01-14T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/141733 [EN]Childhood maltreatment is one of the biggest social and economic problems worldwide. Among people affected by Childhood maltreatment there is a high prevalence, inter alia, of violence, drugs abuse and psychiatric disorders. At the physiological level, the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis and the stress response are key to this prevalence. Moreover, in recent years, pollution has become an important issue because it affects directly human health. The objective of this experiment is to elucidate the effect of a chronic exposure to pollution, in particular ozone, on some biomarkers in a maternal deprivation animal model. We will measure how ozone exposure affects cognitive ability as well as anxiety state. Besides, the plasma variation of corticosterone and ACTH after an acute stressor will be analysed. We will also see if hippocampus and hippocampal subareas volume is altered in the animal model after the exposure to ozone. Finally, we will evaluate the methylation state of the exon promotor of glucocorticoid – receptor 1F and the exon promotor of vasopressin. This study is thought to start looking for the answer to how pollution affects the cognitive development of children who have suffered from Childhood maltreatment.; [ES]El maltrato infantil es uno de los mayores problemas sociales y económicos a nivel mundial. Entre las personas que han sido víctimas del MI existe una alta prevalencia de violencia, abuso de drogas y enfermedades psiquiátricas, entre otros. A nivel fisiológico, el eje hipotálamo-pituitaria-adrenal y la respuesta al estrés están directamente relacionados con esta prevalencia. Además, en los últimos años, ha aumentado la preocupación por el efecto de la contaminación sobre la salud humana. El objetivo de este proyecto es determinar el efecto de la exposición crónica a un ambiente contaminado con ozono, sobre algunos biomarcadores, en un modelo animal de privación materna. Se medirá cómo afecta la exposición a ozono sobre la capacidad cognitiva y el estado de ansiedad. Además, se analizará la variación de corticosterona y ACTH en plasma tras la exposición a un estresor agudo. Por último, se analizará el volumen del hipocampo y sus subáreas, así como el grado de metilación del exón promotor del receptor de glucocorticoides 1F y del exón promotor de vasopresina. Con el presente trabajo se pretende ampliar el conocimiento sobre el desarrollo cognitivo de niños que han sufrido maltrato infantil. Tue, 14 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/141733 2020-01-14T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/141732 [EN]The relationship between the practice of physical activity and eating habits in adolescents allow to establish healthy life patterns that improve health in adulthood. This study describes the physical activity habits of a group of adolescents divided by age, to whom a questionnaire of 19 questions was applied to determine the intensity, frequency and type of physical activity, evaluate the sedentary life levels, and assess the food pattern. There are significant differences in the frequency and intensity of physical exercise, boys perform a vigorous-energetic exercise, while girls carry out moderate exercise. During free time, a small group of boys perform sports and the girls take a walk, however, most prefer to use their mobile. A significant proportion of adolescents do not have breakfast in the morning, mainly girls. There are differences in the eating pattern in the consumption of meat, fruit, cookies or buns. Although most adolescents practice physical activity, they are not active enough and, with age, habits worsen, so they must be aware of maintaining a daily practice, reducing hours with their mobile phones and improving their eating habits.; [ES]La relación entre la práctica de actividad física y la alimentación en adolescentes permite establecer patrones de vida saludables que mejoran la salud en la edad adulta. Este estudio describe los hábitos de actividad física de un grupo de adolescentes divididos por la edad, a los que se aplicó una encuesta de 19 preguntas para determinar intensidad, frecuencia y tipo de actividad física; evaluar los niveles de vida sedentaria, y valorar el patrón alimentario. Existen diferencias significativas en la frecuencia e intensidad del ejercicio físico, los chicos realizan un ejercicio vigoroso-enérgico, mientras que las chicas realizan un ejercicio moderado. Durante el tiempo libre, un pequeño grupo de chicos realizan deporte y las chicas dan un paseo, sin embargo, la mayoría prefiere usar su móvil. Una significativa proporción de adolescentes no desayunan por la mañana, principalmente chicas. Existen diferencias en el patrón alimentario en el consumo de carne, fruta, galletas o bollos. Aunque la mayoría de adolescentes practican actividad física, no son suficientemente activos y, con la edad, empeoran los hábitos, por lo que se debe concienciar de mantener una práctica diaria, disminuir las horas con el móvil y mejorar los hábitos alimentarios. Tue, 14 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/141732 2020-01-14T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/141731 [EN]The Dose Administration Aids (DAA) are a useful tool to improve therapeutic adherence from the community pharmacy. However, there are many systems in the market with differentiating characteristics that you need to know in order to select the most appropriate for each pharmacy. The objective of this work has been to conduct a review of the different types of SPD that exist, analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each and evaluate their suitability according to the desired use, patient profile and type of pharmacy. To respond to these objectives, a review of the information has been carried out by different sources and methods. Three types of SPD have been identified: manual, semi-automatic and automatic, differing fundamentally in the closure of the blister, the type of sealing, the duration, the personnel involved and the speed of preparation. The selection of the DDA depends mainly on the expected volume and characteristics of the patient. In general, for a pharmacy that wants to start, a non-reusable manual DDA is recommended because of the ease of handling and minimum cost. Depending on the level of processing and the availability of investment, a semi-automatic DDA could be considered. Robots should be reserved for large volumes of processing because it is a high investment that is difficult to amortize for the current average level of preparation of Spanish pharmacies.; [ES]Los Sistemas Personalizados de Dosificación (SPD) son una herramienta útil para mejorar la adherencia terapéutica desde la farmacia comunitaria. Sin embargo, existen en el mercado multitud de sistemas con características diferenciadoras que es necesario conocer para poder seleccionar la que mejor se adapte al servicio de SPD. El objetivo de este trabajo ha consistido en realizar una revisión de los diferentes tipos de SPD que existen, analizar las ventajas e inconvenientes de cada uno y evaluar su adecuación en función del uso deseado, perfil de paciente y tipo de farmacia. Para dar respuesta a estos objetivos, se ha realizado una revisión de la información por diferentes fuentes y métodos. Se han identificado tres tipos de SPD: manuales, semiautomáticos y automáticos, diferenciándose fundamentalmente en el cierre del blíster, el tipo de sellado, la duración, el personal implicado y la velocidad de elaboración. La selección del SPD depende fundamentalmente del volumen previsto y características del paciente. En general, para una farmacia que desee iniciarse se recomienda un SPD manual no reutilizable por la facilidad de manejo y coste mínimo. En función del nivel de elaboración y las disponibilidades de inversión, podría plantearse un SPD semiautomático. Los robots deberían reservarse para grandes volúmenes de elaboración por suponer una inversión elevada difícilmente amortizable para el actual nivel medio de elaboración de las farmacias españolas. Tue, 14 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/141731 2020-01-14T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/141730 Ticks are hematophagous parasites of terrestrial vertebrates with great importance because they are transmitters of pathogenic agents. The aim of this study consisted of the analysis of ticks fixed on people in Castilla y Leon in summer, more specifically the detection of rickettsiosis. We recived 709 ticks removed to people in the diferents health center or hospital in this community. In the laboratory was carried out its identification and extraction of DNA by a commercial kit Genomic DNA from Tissue. Then, we performed an individualized PCR to each sample in order to know if they are carriers of Rickettsia spp. To see the results of the PCR, was made an electrophoresis gel agarose, which is displayed with a transilluminator BioDoc-it2 Imaging Systems. Finally, the positive products were purified and quantified. Of the samples analyzed, for genes gltA and OmpA, were obtained 67 positive (9.44%), presenting greater prevalence in the provinces of Avila and Burgos. Therefore, this study concludes that the growing interest in tick-borne diseases is indisputable, and the data obtained are very important in guiding measures to control and prevent these diseases.; Las garrapatas son ectoparásitos hematófagos de gran importancia por ser transmisores de agentes patógenos.  El objetivo principal del trabajo es el estudio de las garrapatas fijadas a personas en la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla y León en época estival, y más en concreto, la detección de rickettsiosis transmitidas por ellas. Se recibieron 709 garrapatas retiradas a personas en los diferentes servicios de salud de la comunidad. En el laboratorio se llevó a cabo su identificación y extracción de ADN. A continuación, se realizó una PCR individualizada a cada muestra con el fin de conocer si son portadoras de Rickettsia spp. Para ver los resultados de la PCR, se hizo una electroforesis en gel de agarosa, el cual se visualiza. Por último, los productos positivos fueron purificados y cuantificados. De las muestras analizadas, para los genes gltA y OmpA, se obtuvieron 67 positivos (9,44%), presentando mayor prevalencia en las provincias de Ávila y Burgos. Por tanto, en este estudio podemos observar el indiscutible interés creciente por las enfermedades transmitidas por garrapatas siendo los datos obtenidos de gran utilidad para orientar las medidas de control y prevención de dichas enfermedades. Tue, 14 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/141730 2020-01-14T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/141729 [EN]Bone tissue engineering is an area of increasing interest because its main applications are directly related to the rising life expectancy of the population, so innovative strategies are needed for bone tissue regeneration therapies. Advances in biomedicine and materials science are determining factors in this field, since they pursue to design new biomaterials to subsequently implant them in order to replace, repair and regenerate damaged bone tissue. Post-operative implant infections are one of the most serious complications associated with surgical treatments of bone diseases. Bacteria typically secrete polymeric materials after their association to form protective coatings known as biofilms. Biofilm further impedes the activity of the host defenses and/or antibiotic therapy, requiring surgical intervention to remove the implant as the only effective option. Silver is an antibacterial agent that could be used as a preventive measure to avoid the formation of a bacterial biofilm in implants by incorporation of metallic silver nanoparticles. The present work is focused in finding a preventive treatment of bone infection with metallic silver nanoparticles embedded. It describes their behavior as antibacterial agents and possible toxicity.; [ES]El envejecimiento progresivo de la población y el aumento de las afecciones articulares degenerativas generan un incremento en las patologías óseas, comprometiendo al aparato locomotor. Esto da lugar a un aumento de fracturas y defectos óseos, difíciles de tratar en algunos casos. Los avances en la ciencia de materiales y la biomedicina son determinantes en este ámbito, ya que buscan diseñar nuevos biomateriales para posteriormente implantarlos con el fin de reemplazar, reparar y regenerar el tejido óseo dañado. Sin embargo, en algunas ocasiones, su aplicación clínica puede presentar varios problemas. Uno de estos problemas es la posible infección bacteriana tras la intervención quirúrgica, que generaría la formación de un biofilm. Esto puede inhibir el efecto de antibióticos en esa zona, requiriendo una segunda intervención quirúrgica. La plata es un agente citotóxico que podría utilizarse como medida preventiva para evitar la formación de un biofilm bacteriano en implantes, mediante su incorporación al propio biomaterial. El propósito de este trabajo es documentar el uso de las nanopartículas de plata metálica como agente antibacteriano. Se indicará su  mecanismo de acción frente a las bacterias y su posible toxicidad en el organismo humano. Tue, 14 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/141729 2020-01-14T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/141728 Hyperhidrosis is the production of sweat abnormally greater than that required to regulate body temperature. The symptoms are manifested mainly in the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, armpits and craniofacial regions. Currently, there are various treatments for hyperhidrosis, being the topical treatment with metal salts, and specifically, with aluminum chloride hexahydrate, the most used for its effectiveness, safety and ease of application, however, some people may experience sensitivity reactions to the aforementioned salts. The formulation proposed in this study provides an effective and safe alternative for the treatment of hyperhidrosis, using as essential ingredients of the formulation essential oil of tea tree, apple cider vinegar, sage and thyme extracts and menthol in individualized cellulose wipes. After testing different formulations in three volunteers with hyperhidrosis, the results were satisfactory when rapid absorption of the formulation, freshness and prolongation in time of the dryness of the treated área was perceived. The result of the study shows that cosmetic preparations with natural compounds can be a satisfactory research path in the search for the treatment of hyperhidrosis.; La hiperhidrosis es la producción de sudor anormalmente mayor a la requerida para regular la temperatura corporal. Los síntomas se manifiestan principalmente en las palmas de las manos, plantas de los pies, axilas y regiones craneofaciales. Actualmente, existen diversos tratamientos para la hiperhidrosis, siendo el tratamiento tópico con sales metálicas y, en concreto, con cloruro de aluminio hexahidratado, el más empleado por su eficacia, seguridad y facilidad de aplicación, sin embargo, algunas personas pueden experimentar reacciones de sensibilidad a las citadas sales. La formulación propuesta en este estudio proporciona una alternativa eficaz y segura para el tratamiento de la hiperhidrosis, empleando como principios activos de la formulación aceite esencial de árbol de té, vinagre de manzana, extractos de salvia y tomillo y mentol en toallitas de celulosa individualizadas. Tras probar distintas formulaciones en tres voluntarios con hiperhidrosis, las impresiones fueron satisfactorias al percibirse rápida absorción de la formulación, frescor y prolongación en el tiempo de la sequedad de la zona tratada. El resultado del estudio refleja que los preparados cosméticos con compuestos naturales pueden ser una vía de investigación satisfactoria en la búsqueda del tratamiento de la hiperhidrosis. Tue, 14 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/141728 2020-01-14T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/141726 [ES]Créditos del volumen 5 de 2020. Tue, 14 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/141726 2020-01-14T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/141727 A relation between tobacco and renal damage has been described during the last years. Referring to early diagnosis of renal disease, our group has developed the acquired predisposition concept, which can be applied to the smoking patient context. So, our hypothesis is that tobacco may cause predisposition to acute kidney injury (AKI), which means smokers may suffer AKI after being exposed to any nephrotoxin, including under-toxicity-level doses. Our aim was to study the relationship between the predisposition biomarkers 1 (BM1), 2 (BM2) and 3 (BM3) (characterized in our laboratory) and tobacco consumption. Urinary samples were taken from smokers and non-smokers volunteers with no renal damage nor exposure to risk factors of renal disease. The plasma creatinine of the patients was obtained from their medical history. The cotinine levels, which inform of the grade of smoking, were measured by ELISA. The urinary creatinine, used to correct urinary concentrations of biomarkers, was measured with a commercial kit based on Jaffé reaction, and the urinary biomarkers levels were measured by Western blot. Only BM3 showed greater excretion in smoking patients than in non-smokers. However, that excretion is not related to cotinine levels. In any case, BM3 could be a good clinical biomarker of AKI predisposition which would help to prevent renal damage in smokers.; En los últimos años se ha visto una relación entre el tabaquismo y el daño renal. En cuanto al diagnóstico temprano del daño renal, nuestro grupo ha desarrollado el concepto de predisposición, aplicable al contexto de pacientes fumadores. Así, nuestra hipótesis es que el tabaco podría causar predisposición a sufrir daño renal agudo (DRA), lo que supondría que los fumadores podrían padecer DRA tras ser expuestos a alguna nefrotoxina, incluyendo dosis inferiores al límite tolerable. Nuestro objetivo es estudiar la relación entre los biomarcadores caracterizados en nuestro laboratorio: 1, 2 y 3 (BM1, BM2 y BM3) y el consumo de tabaco. Se tomaron muestras de orina de pacientes fumadores y no fumadores, sin daño renal ni exposición a factores de riesgo de este. Se midieron la cotinina (ELISA), la creatininuria (kit comercial) y los biomarcadores (western blot). La creatinina plasmática se obtuvo del historial clínico de los pacientes. Solo se vio una mayor excreción de BM3 en fumadores con respecto a no fumadores, aunque no se obtuvo una correlación con los niveles de cotinina (metabolito de nicotina que informa del grado de tabaquismo). A pesar de ello, BM3 podría suponer un buen biomarcador clínico para detectar la predisposición al DRA, lo que ayudaría a prevenir el daño renal en pacientes fumadores. Tue, 14 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/141727 2020-01-14T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/141725 [ES]El comité científico de FarmaJournal quiere agradecer la colaboración durante el proceso de revisión de los artículos de investigación publicados en este número a varios profesores de la Facultad de Farmacia de la Universidad de Salamanca. Tue, 14 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/141725 2020-01-14T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/141724 [EN]Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania. The disease leads to different clinical manifestations determined by parasite features like heterogeneity in the virulence of distinct species-zymodemes and host parameters such as genetic characteristics and immunological status. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe disease form and is potentially fatal if untreated. Drugs in use against VL present several drawbacks including high toxicity, relevant contraindications and complicated administration regimens. In addition, 90% of world´s VL cases are concentrated in poorest locations like the Indian sub-continent where a number of factors contribute to an ineffective disease control including access to medicines and its relatively expensive price and the development of resistant Leishmania strains, not only to the classical antimonials drugs but also to miltefosine, the only oral drug available. Therefore, the development of new drugs against VL is urgent and must have in consideration several aspects in order to achieve and be effective to most of the disease cases. Indeed, treatment outcomes vary substantially between different geographic regions and depend on the drug(s) used, drug exposure, severity of disease, host immunity, and the presence of coinfections. So, in order to improve the drug discovery process for anti-leishmanials the drug screening should involve recent clinical isolates of the L. donovani complex, with different susceptibility profiles to existing drugs and from different geographical origin. Both synthetic and natural product libraries might be screened, but evaluation of drugs already in use by developing new formulations or even drug repurposing might also contribute to a faster identification of new candidates. Additional short-term approaches might be combinatory therapies, some of which have proven to be useful mainly in coinfections with HIV. Other important issue is the establishment of standard techniques for the selection of ’hit compounds‘  and the criteria established by the Global Health Innovative Technology  Fund represent an interesting approach: a given hit should present a 50% effective concentration (EC50 value) lower than 10μM against intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania sp. and for the in vivo model of VL (i.e. mouse or hamster infected with L. infantum or L. donovani), treatment schemes should result in 70% reduction of liver parasite load after up to 5 doses of 50mg/kg, orally, one or two times a day. In the last decades, technology advances have allowed the establishment of High-throughput screening (HTS), a potential efficient way of identifying active compounds able to eliminate the parasite without affecting the host. However, the lack of central database capable of concentrating positive and negative results from different research groups and compounds tested also contributes to delaying the identification of potential candidates against Leishmania protozoa. Also by applying bioinformatic tools such as a systematic in silico chemogenomics strategy in combination with the classical approach, its expected to identify new antiparasitic compounds that will be available for application in the pharmaceutical industry and further research lines. A relevant portion of drug prospection for neglected diseases relies on academic and research institution but dealing with diseases of such relevance worldwide must require the incorporation of Government and private funding for basic and clinical research projects through direct investments and incentives to both academia and the private sector. Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania. The disease leads to different clinical manifestations determined by parasite features like heterogeneity in the virulence of distinct species-zymodemes and host parameters such as genetic characteristics and immunological status. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe disease form and is potentially fatal if untreated. Drugs in use against VL present several drawbacks including high toxicity, relevant contraindications and complicated administration regimens. In addition, 90% of world´s VL cases are concentrated in poorest locations like the Indian sub-continent where a number of factors contribute to an ineffective disease control including access to medicines and its relatively expensive price and the development of resistant Leishmania strains, not only to the classical antimonials drugs but also to miltefosine, the only oral drug available. Therefore, the development of new drugs against VL is urgent and must have in consideration several aspects in order to achieve and be effective to most of the disease cases. Indeed, treatment outcomes vary substantially between different geographic regions and depend on the drug(s) used, drug exposure, severity of disease, host immunity, and the presence of coinfections. So, in order to improve the drug discovery process for anti-leishmanials the drug screening should involve recent clinical isolates of the L. donovani complex, with different susceptibility profiles to existing drugs and from different geographical origin. Both synthetic and natural product libraries might be screened, but evaluation of drugs already in use by developing new formulations or even drug repurposing might also contribute to a faster identification of new candidates. Additional short-term approaches might be combinatory therapies, some of which have proven to be useful mainly in coinfections with HIV. Other important issue is the establishment of standard techniques for the selection of ’hit compounds‘  and the criteria established by the Global Health Innovative Technology  Fund represent an interesting approach: a given hit should present a 50% effective concentration (EC50 value) lower than 10?M against intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania sp. and for the in vivo model of VL (i.e. mouse or hamster infected with L. infantum or L. donovani), treatment schemes should result in 70% reduction of liver parasite load after up to 5 doses of 50mg/kg, orally, one or two times a day. In the last decades, technology advances have allowed the establishment of High-throughput screening (HTS), a potential efficient way of identifying active compounds able to eliminate the parasite without affecting the host. However, the lack of central database capable of concentrating positive and negative results from different research groups and compounds tested also contributes to delaying the identification of potential candidates against Leishmania protozoa. Also by applying bioinformatic tools such as a systematic in silico chemogenomics strategy in combination with the classical approach, its expected to identify new antiparasitic compounds that will be available for application in the pharmaceutical industry and further research lines. A relevant portion of drug prospection for neglected diseases relies on academic and research institution but dealing with diseases of such relevance worldwide must require the incorporation of Government and private funding for basic and clinical research projects through direct investments and incentives to both academia and the private sector. Tue, 14 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/141724 2020-01-14T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/141723 [ES]Las enzimas citocromo CYP P450 llevan a cabo el 75% de las reacciones de biotransformación de fármacos, por lo que sus polimorfismos tienen gran relevancia farmacocinética. Los polimorfismos del gen CYP2C19 afectan al metabolismo de fármacos antiulcerosos, inhibidores de la bomba de protones. Concretamente, el polimorfismo g.19154G>A da lugar a una función enzimática nula, lo que se traduce en una deficiente metabolización. Dicho polimorfismo afecta a un sitio de reconocimiento de la enzima de restricción Sma I, por lo que su detección se puede realizar mediante sencillas técnicas de biología molecular. Curiosamente, la presencia del polimorfismo se traduce en una mayor eficacia del tratamiento de erradicación de Helicobacter pilori. En este trabajo hemos analizado la incidencia de este polimorfismo en una muestra de 208 personas de la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla y León, con énfasis en la población de Salamanca. Las proporciones globales de heterocigotos y homocigotos para el polimorfismo se ajustan a la literatura. Sin embargo, hemos encontrado un menor porcentaje de alelos polimórficos entre los individuos nacidos en Salamanca, en comparación con otras provincias. Sería interesante aumentar la muestra para esta población y estudiar la correlación de este polimorfismo con la alta incidencia de cáncer gástrico en la Comunidad.; [EN]Cytochrome CYP P450 enzymes carry out 75% of biotransformation reactions of drugs, so their polymorphisms have great pharmacokinetic relevance. The polymorphisms of the CYP2C19 gene affect the metabolism of antiulcer drugs, proton pump inhibitors. Specifically, the g.19154G>A polymorphism gives rise to a null enzyme, which results in poor metabolic activity. This polymorphism affects a recognition site for the restriction enzyme Sma I, so its detection can be carried out by simple molecular biology techniques. Interestingly, the presence of the polymorphism results in a greater efficacy of the Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment. In this work we have analyzed the incidence of this polymorphism in a sample of 208 people from the Autonomous Community of Castilla y León, with emphasis on the population of Salamanca. The global proportions of heterozygotes and homozygotes for the polymorphism are in agreement with the literature. However, we have found a lower percentage of polymorphic alleles among individuals born in Salamanca, compared to other provinces. It would be interesting to increase the sample for this population and study the correlation of this polymorphism with the high incidence of gastric cancer in the Community. Tue, 14 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/141723 2020-01-14T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/141722 [EN]Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a chronic disorder that begins in childhood and endures into adulthood. Therefore it can affects children, teenagers and adults. It has a complicated diagnosis and there are several causes taking part into the onset of this disorder such as: sex, age, stage of development and social environment. ADHD has different clinical presentation and according to this, patient are indicated a non-pharmacological treatment, drug therapy or the combination of both. The main objective of this study is to analyse in the “Área de Gestión Sanitaria Sur de Sevilla” (AGSSS) patients currently treated for ADHD with Methylphenidate, Lisdexamfetamine, Atomoxetine and Guanfacine. It has been compiled all the information about clinical histories of patients who are prescribed these four drugs in our Area, assessing the degree of adequacy of treatments. Therefore we need the algorithm for ADHD proposed by CADIME 2017. In view of results we conclude that there is a lack of monitoring of patients and drugs are taken for a long period of time.; [ES]La enfermedad del trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TADH) es un trastorno crónico que se inicia en la infancia y perdura hasta la edad adulta pudiendo por tanto afectar tanto a niños como adolescentes y adultos. Posee un diagnóstico complejo y son varias las causas que puedan intervenir en la aparición de este trastorno tales como el sexo, la edad, la etapa del desarrollo y el entorno social y cultural. El TADH tiene diferentes manifestaciones clínicas y según esto, al paciente se le indicará un tratamiento no farmacológico, tratamiento farmacológico o la combinación de ambos. El objetivo principal de nuestro trabajo es analizar en el Área de Gestión Sanitaria Sur de Sevilla (AGSSS) a los pacientes actualmente tratados para el TADH con metilfenidato, lisdexanfetamina, guanfacina y atomoxetina. Ha sido recopilada toda la información del historial clínico de los pacientes que tienen recetados estos cuatro fármacos en nuestra Área, valorando el grado de adecuación de los tratamientos. Para ello se va a seguir el algoritmo de tratamiento para el TADH propuesto por el CADIME 2017. A la vista de los resultados obtenidos concluimos que hay una falta de seguimiento de los pacientes y una prolongación de tratamiento en el tiempo. Tue, 14 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/141722 2020-01-14T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/141721 [ES]Índice del volumen 5 de 2020. Tue, 14 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/141721 2020-01-14T00:00:00Z