Ciencias Biosanitarias

Introducción

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

El libro Cuidados respiratorios en personas adultas con parálisis cerebral es una guía multidisciplinar dirigida a profesionales, cuidadores y familias, centrada en mejorar la calidad de vida mediante el abordaje integral de la función respiratoria. Parte de la premisa de que respirar puede verse comprometido por alteraciones neuromotoras, posturales y musculares, y propone estrategias prácticas para prevenir, detectar y tratar complicaciones. A lo largo de siete capítulos, se presentan cuidados médicos, de enfermería y rehabilitación, con énfasis en higiene, posicionamiento, vacunación y manejo de problemas como hipoventilación o aspiración. La fisioterapia respiratoria ocupa un lugar central, con ejercicios activos, pasivos e instrumentales adaptados al entorno clínico y domiciliario. La logopedia se aborda desde su vínculo con la respiración, fonación y deglución, incluyendo técnicas orofaciales y de estimulación. La terapia ocupacional y la fisioterapia postural se enfocan en la alineación corporal para facilitar la ventilación. La musicoterapia se presenta como recurso innovador que combina ritmo y respiración consciente. El trabajo social cierra la obra con orientación sobre ayudas y recursos. El texto destaca por su rigor científico, claridad pedagógica y enfoque ético, promoviendo una atención personalizada, colaborativa y centrada en la persona. Es una obra de referencia accesible y comprometida con la mejora integral de la salu d respiratoria en adultos con parálisis cerebral.

Trabajo social: ayudas/prestaciones disponibles para acceder a servicios de rehabilitación

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

El papel de la musicoterapia en la calidad respiratoria de personas adultas con parálisis cerebral

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

La respiración y la música han caminado juntas a lo largo de la historia de la humanidad. Por ello, para entender las dinámicas internas de la música necesariamente se debe entender la propia respiración. En todas las culturas del planeta existen referencias culturales al respecto desde los orígenes de las civilizaciones. Concretamente en la cultura occidental, la notación musical neumática refleja, en su esencia, la propia comprensión del concepto de «pneuma», una palabra que se remonta a la Grecia antigua, y cuyo significado es el de «respiración», asociando su comprensión al funcionamiento rítmico de la mente humana, ya que, entendido como «aliento de vida», se fusiona in-directamente a la idea de «psique».

Un correcto posicionamiento para fomentar un buen estado respiratorio: aportaciones de terapia ocupacional y fisioterapia

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Las personas con parálisis cerebral a menudo presentan alteración en el tono muscular, la contracción de la musculatura y el control postural. Esto afecta negativamente al desarrollo de los músculos del tronco, que son la base de la respiración, provocando deformidades torácicas que darán lugar a problemas respiratorios.

Logopedia en el manejo de los problemas respiratorios en adultos con parálisis cerebral

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Los problemas respiratorios son comunes en algunas personas con parálisis cerebral dificultando algunas de sus funciones básicas. El logopeda, junto con otros profesionales, puede ayudar a formar un patrón respiratorio correcto y a su coordinación con otras funciones esenciales como la deglución y la fonación.

Fisioterapia respiratoria en personas adultas con parálisis cerebral

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Uno de los aspectos clave en el cuidado respiratorio de las personas con parálisis ce-rebral es la implementación de técnicas de fisioterapia respiratoria, que incluyen ejer-cicios para mejorar la expansión pulmonar, la eliminación de secreciones y la mejora de la fuerza y la coordinación muscular en la respiración. Estas técnicas pueden ser realizadas por un fisioterapeuta especializado, pero también pueden ser aprendidas por los cuidadores para ser aplicadas en el hogar. Además, la identificación temprana de problemas respiratorios, como la dificultad para respirar o la presencia de infeccio-nes, es crucial para iniciar un tratamiento oportuno que evite el deterioro de la función pulmonar.

Cuidados básicos médicos, de enfermería y rehabilitación en población adulta con parálisis cerebral

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Las personas adultas con parálisis cerebral son más susceptibles de presentar infecciones respiratorias debido a la debilidad muscular, los problemas de postura, las dificultades que tienen a la hora de eliminar secreciones o la aspiración de secreciones.Esta guía pretende ayudar a familias y profesionales a saber identificar los riesgos, realizar los mejores cuidados respiratorios y prevenir las complicaciones que puedan aparecer.

Weak neuronal glycolysis sustains cognition and organismal fitness

Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 GMT

[EN]The energy cost of neuronal activity is mainly sustained by glucose1,2. However, in an apparent paradox, neurons modestly metabolize glucose through glycolysis3-6, a circumstance that can be accounted for by the constant degradation of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase-fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase-3 (PFKFB3)3,7,8, a key glycolysis-promoting enzyme. To evaluate the in vivo physiological importance of this hypoglycolytic metabolism, here we genetically engineered mice with their neurons transformed into active glycolytic cells through Pfkfb3 expression. In vivo molecular, biochemical and metabolic flux analyses of these neurons revealed an accumulation of anomalous mitochondria, complex I disassembly, bioenergetic deficiency and mitochondrial redox stress. Notably, glycolysis-mediated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) reduction impaired sirtuin-dependent autophagy. Furthermore, these mice displayed cognitive decline and a metabolic syndrome that was mimicked by confining Pfkfb3 expression to hypothalamic neurons. Neuron-specific genetic ablation of mitochondrial redox stress or brain NAD+ restoration corrected these behavioural alterations. Thus, the weak glycolytic nature of neurons is required to sustain higher-order organismal functions.

Cuidados respiratorios en personas adultas con parálisis cerebral

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Transcriptomic and metabolic signatures of neural cells cultured under a physiologic-like environment

Sun, 01 Dec 2024 00:00:00 GMT

[EN]Cultured brain cells are used conventionally to investigate fundamental neurobiology and identify therapeutic targets against neural diseases. However, standard culture conditions do not simulate the natural cell microenvironment, thus hampering in vivo translational insight. Major weaknesses include atmospheric (21%) O2 tension and lack of intercellular communication, the two factors likely impacting metabolism and signaling. Here, we addressed this issue in mouse neurons and astrocytes in primary culture. We found that the signs of cellular and mitochondrial integrity were optimal when these cells were acclimated to grow in coculture, to emulate intercellular coupling, under physiologic (5%) O2 tension. Transcriptomic scrutiny, performed to elucidate the adaptive mechanism involved, revealed that the vast majority of differentially expressed transcripts were downregulated in both astrocytes and neurons. Gene ontology evaluation unveiled that the largest group of altered transcripts was glycolysis, which was experimentally validated by metabolic flux analyses. This protocol and database resource for neural cells grown under in vivo-like microenvironment may move forward the translation of basic into applied neurobiological research.

Efficacy of exercise interventions in multiple myeloma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Purpose: To synthesize and quantify the effects of exercise interventions on physical function and patient-reported outcomes in adults with multiple myeloma (MM). Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251271216). PubMed, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception to April 2026. Randomized and nonrandomized studies evaluating structured exercise interventions in adults with MM were considered eligible. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale, and risk of bias was evaluated with the RoB 2 tool. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed using standardized mean differences. Results: The search identified 10,907 records, of which 20 studies met the eligibility criteria for qualitative synthesis (n = 1,032) and 9 for quantitative synthesis (n = 576). Exercise interventions lasted a mean of 14.4 weeks, were performed 3.3 times per week, and were most commonly based on combined aerobic and resistance training. Quantitative synthesis was conducted for aerobic capacity, quality of life, fatigue, upper-limb strength, lower-limb strength, and pain. Across outcomes, pooled effects were generally small and did not reach statistical significance. Heterogeneity was low to moderate for most outcomes, although substantial inconsistency was observed for aerobic capacity and lower-limb strength. Methodological quality ranged from fair to good, and 55.6% of the randomized studies were rated as having a high risk of bias, mainly due to missing outcome data. Mean study-level attrition rates were observed in both exercise and control groups, supporting the feasibility of exercise interventions in this population. Conclusions: Exercise interventions in patients with MM appear feasible, but current evidence shows small and non-significant effects on aerobic capacity, muscle strength, fatigue, quality of life, and pain. Given the limited number of studies, small sample sizes, and methodological heterogeneity, the true magnitude of exercise-related benefits remains uncertain. Larger, well-designed randomized controlled trials with standardized exercise protocols are needed to clarify the efficacy and optimal prescription of exercise in this population. Implications for Cancer Survivors: This study indicates that structured exercise programs are feasible and well-tolerated by individuals with MM. Although current evidence shows limited immediate effects on physical function and quality of life, patients can safely engage in combined aerobic and resistance training. Survivors should discuss personalized, well-monitored exercise options with their healthcare team to maintain activity levels while more definitive guidelines are established.

8- versus 12-week supervised resistance training with home-based physical activity during colorectal cancer treatment: a pilot randomized dose-comparison trial

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT

BACKGROUND: Patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) undergoing systemic therapy frequently experience functional decline, fatigue, and treatment-related symptoms. Resistance training (RT) is safe during treatment, but the minimum effective duration remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of an 8-week versus 12-week supervised RT program on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and selected functional, psychosocial, behavioral, and hematological/inflammatory parameters in patients with CRC. METHODS: In this pilot randomized clinical trial, 30 adults with CRC were randomized (1:1) to 8 weeks (n = 15) or 12 weeks (n = 15) of supervised RT (2 sessions/week) plus home-based physical activity (3 days/week). The primary outcome was CIPN (EORTC QLQ-CIPN20). Secondary outcomes included handgrip strength, quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30), anxiety/depression (HADS), physical activity, and hematological/inflammatory parameters. RESULTS: All participants completed the intervention, with adherence > 90% and no adverse events. No between-group differences were observed in CIPN. Handgrip strength suggested greater adjusted gains in the 12-week group for both dominant (pFDR = 0.026) and non-dominant hand (pFDR = 0.009). Psychological outcomes showed an adjusted between-group difference for HADS total score (pFDR = 0.022). Exploratory analyses suggested a reduction in NLR after 12 weeks (p = 0.043), with no significant adjusted between-group differences. Nominal between-group differences in fatigue and gastrointestinal symptoms were observed only in unadjusted analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Supervised RT during systemic treatment in CRC appears feasible and safe. In this pilot dose-comparison trial, both programs were associated with improvements in selected outcomes, although efficacy cannot be established. A 12-week duration may be associated with additional benefits; however, findings are exploratory. Larger trials including usual-care controls are needed. REGISTRATION: The clinical trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT07307690) on 1 January 2026.

Effects of a resistance training program on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, cancer-related fatigue, muscle strength and physical activity in colorectal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: a pilot randomized controlled trial

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Background/objectives Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a frequent toxicity of neurotoxic agents commonly used in colorectal cancer (CRC) and has limited evidence-based management options. Exercise may help, but the optimal prescription during chemotherapy remains uncertain. To evaluate the effects of an eight-week exercise program on CIPN (primary outcome), cancer-related fatigue (CRF), handgrip strength, and physical activity in CRC patients receiving chemotherapy. Methods This pilot parallel-group randomized controlled trial screened 44 CRC patients receiving chemotherapy; 40 were randomized (1:1) to an intervention group (supervised resistance training twice weekly plus home-based aerobic exercise) or a control group (home-based physical activity program only). Outcomes were assessed at baseline and after eight weeks. NCT06404359. Results Twenty-seven participants completed follow-up (intervention n = 15; control n = 12). Baseline characteristics were comparable. No statistically significant between-group differences were observed for CIPN, CRF, or handgrip strength. Physical activity increased significantly in the intervention group compared with controls (p < 0.001). Adherence exceeded 80%, and no exercise-related adverse events were reported. Conclusions In this pilot trial, an eight-week program combining supervised resistance training with home-based aerobic exercise was feasible and safe and increased self-reported physical activity, but did not demonstrate statistically significant improvements in CIPN, fatigue, or strength compared with home-based aerobic exercise alone. Larger adequately powered trials are warranted.

TET3 regulates terminal cell differentiation at the metabolic level

Mon, 18 Nov 2024 00:00:00 GMT

[EN]TET-family members play a critical role in cell fate commitment. Indeed, TET3 is essential to postnatal development due to yet unknown reasons. To define TET3 function in cell differentiation, we have profiled the intestinal epithelium at single-cell level from wild-type and Tet3 knockout mice. We have found that Tet3 is mostly expressed in differentiated enterocytes. In the absence of TET3, enterocytes exhibit an aberrant differentiation trajectory and do not acquire a physiological cell identity due to an impairment in oxidative phosphorylation, specifically due to an ATP synthase assembly deficiency. Moreover, spatial metabolomics analysis has revealed that Tet3 knockout enterocytes exhibit an unphysiological metabolic profile when compared with their wild-type counterparts. In contrast, no metabolic differences have been observed between both genotypes in the stem cell compartment where Tet3 is mainly not expressed. Collectively, our findings suggest a mechanism by which TET3 regulates mitochondrial function and, thus, terminal cell differentiation at the metabolic level.

Influencia del ejercicio físico en la gravedad de la COVID-19

Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Antecedentes La enfermedad por el nuevo coronavirus (COVID-19) fue declarada pandemia en marzo de 2020. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre la práctica de ejercicio físico y la gravedad de la COVID-19. Método Estudio observacional en una cohorte de 29.875 personas de la Universidad de Salamanca (2.800 profesores/investigadores, 1.289 personal de servicio y 25.786 estudiantes) mediante la realización de una encuesta anónima telemática que recogió los datos sobre la realización de ejercicio, el diagnóstico de COVID-19 y sus síntomas. La encuesta fue realizada durante la primavera de 2021 y estuvo abierta un mes. Resultados Se recibieron 3.662 respuestas completas. Se utilizó la metodología «raking» para inferir los resultados a toda la población de estudio (29.875 personas). Se encontró una relación estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,001) entre la presencia de síntomas y la práctica de ejercicio, la probabilidad de sufrir síntomas en personas que no practicaban ejercicio antes de COVID-19 fue 2,18 veces mayor que en aquellas que practicaban ejercicio (IC 95%; 1,825-2,611). La práctica de ejercicio más de 5 días/semana fue el factor más protector (Chi-cuadrado = 134,22; gl = 2; p < 0,000). El ejercicio intenso fue más efectivo que el ejercicio moderado (Chi-cuadrado = 36,88; gl = 1; p < 0,000) para prevenir los síntomas de COVID-19. Conclusión El ejercicio físico es un factor protector en la enfermedad COVID-19. El ejercicio regular, al menos 5 días/semana, resultó ser la opción más adecuada para prevenir los síntomas de la enfermedad. El ejercicio intenso logró mayor efectividad que el ejercicio moderado en el control de la gravedad de la enfermedad.

Absence of MCJ/DnaJC15 promotes brown adipose tissue thermogenesis

Mon, 13 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

[EN]Obesity poses a global health challenge, demanding a deeper understanding of adipose tissue (AT) and its mitochondria. This study describes the role of the mitochondrial protein Methylation-controlled J protein (MCJ/DnaJC15) in orchestrating brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. Here we show how MCJ expression decreases during obesity, as evident in human and mouse adipose tissue samples. MCJKO mice, even without UCP1, a fundamental thermogenic protein, exhibit elevated BAT thermogenesis. Electron microscopy unveils changes in mitochondrial morphology resembling BAT activation. Proteomic analysis confirms these findings and suggests involvement of the eIF2α mediated stress response. The pivotal role of eIF2α is scrutinized by in vivo CRISPR deletion of eIF2α in MCJKO mice, abrogating thermogenesis. These findings uncover the importance of MCJ as a regulator of BAT thermogenesis, presenting it as a promising target for obesity therapy.