http://hdl.handle.net/10366/4316 Wed, 22 Apr 2026 08:50:05 GMT 2026-04-22T08:50:05Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/170877 [EN]This report analyses the current situation of accessible and sustainable housing for persons with disabilities in Spain, focusing on accessibility, sustainability, affordability and social housing. The review shows that Spain has a relatively strong legal and policy framework, supported by the Right to Housing Act (Law 12/2023), the Technical Building Code, the State Housing Plans and EU-funded programmes under the Recovery and Resilience Facility. However, implementation remains uneven and important structural barriers persist. Most persons with disabilities live in private housing, while social housing accounts for less than 2 % of the total stock, and many people with high support needs still depend on institutional settings. Accessibility remains a major challenge: nearly 70 % of the housing stock is not accessible and only 0.6 % of dwellings are fully accessible, which seriously limits independent living and community inclusion. These difficulties are compounded by poverty, high housing costs, limited affordable options and fragmented disability-disaggregated data. The report identifies relevant good practices, including retrofitting subsidies, community-based housing initiatives and sustainability-oriented renovation programmes. It concludes that Spain needs binding national targets, stronger enforcement of accessibility obligations, simplified subsidy systems, better monitoring, and closer integration of accessibility, affordability and sustainability in future housing strategies to guarantee the right to independent living for persons with disabilities. Sun, 01 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/170877 2026-03-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/166619 [ES]El estudio ha tenido como objetivos evaluar conductas protectoras para la salud y comportamientos de riesgo asociados a la aparición de enfermedades no transmisibles en estudiantes universitarios y poner en marcha intervenciones de promoción de la salud, basadas en principios motivacionales para promover el cambio y en las Nuevas Tecnologías aplicadas a la salud o procedimientos mHealth. Se presentan los resultados de una muestra de 381 estudiantes pertenecientes a la Universidad de Salamanca a quienes se evaluó las conductas de riesgo (consumo de tabaco y alcohol), conductas saludables (alimentación y actividad física) y otras variables psicológicas (autoeficacia, autoestima y salud mental) a través de diferentes instrumentos como el Cuestionario STEPwise de vigilancia de la salud de la OMS, el Cuestionario General de Autoeficacia, la Escala de autoestima de Rosenberg y el Cuestionario GHQ-28 de Goldberg. Los resultados evidencian semejanzas y diferencias en las conductas de salud en función de variables psicológicas (autoestima, ansiedad, depresión) que ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de reducir comportamientos de riesgo relacionados con el consumo de alcohol y potenciar conductas saludables como la alimentación e incremento de la actividad física. Con tal fin se diseñan y ponen en marcha dos intervenciones (motivacional y mHealth) que se aplican a una muestra piloto de 55 universitarios con objeto de comprobar su eficacia. Los resultados, tras la intervención, corroboran la utilidad de las intervenciones para la mejora de la salud. Finalmente, se presentan sugerencias de mejora y se indican las actividades de difusión realizadas, conforme al proyecto subvencionado. Mon, 23 Jul 2018 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/166619 2018-07-23T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/166617 [EN]In Spain, the vast majority of people with disabilities live in the community and with their families. As it is a country in which health, education and social services are public, people feel that their basic needs are met. In addition, residential / institutional care is usually focused on people with a significant decline and advanced age, in which the healthcare and health needs predominate, rather than training or otherwise. However, it is necessary to advance in good practices, as there are still problems related to the differences in services and supports in the different regions of the country and the disadvantage in which people with disabilities in rural areas find themselves. There is also a lack of power of the end-user of the services, when choosing the services and supports that best respond to their needs, desires or interests. Legislation in this regard is considered as more assistance than promoter of capabilities, independence and self-determination. In addition, different groups of people with disabilities claim the need to replace large residential centres with smaller, more familiar housing alternatives included in the community. Institutionalization, especially when it is prolonged, when it begins at an early age, when it is not chosen, when it is a situation forced by circumstances (for example, lack of accessible housing, lack of financial means, lack of educational resources or of another type in the place of origin), is associated with an inferior quality of life. This institutionalization reduces the possibilities of choosing and is also sometimes associated with bad practices and even mistreatment. Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/166617 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/166616 [EN]The report explains the forms of disability assessment that are currently in use in Spain : (1) Assessment for admission to official disability status (general register) (2): Assessment for Dependency assessment; (3) Assessment for Special Education Needs; (4) Assessment for determining incapacity for work; (5) Assessment for Workplace adaptations or equipment Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/166616 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/166613 [ES]El trabajo presenta los resultados de la evaluación muestra de 170 cuidadores familiares y profesionales de personas en situación de dependencia de la provincia de Salamanca. Se analizaron las repercusiones biológicas, psicológicas y sociales que les afectan como consecuencia de tener a su cargo a una persona en situación de dependencia. También se recogió información sobre las estrategias de afrontamiento empleadas y las repercusiones positivas derivadas del cuidado. El trabajo de campo se desarrolló durante los meses de abril a diciembre de 2008. Como instrumentos se emplearon cuestionarios elaborados ad hoc sobre los factores implicados en el cuidado. También se utilizaron otros como la escala de Carga del Cuidador (CBI), la Escala de Satisfacción con el Cuidado, el Cuestionario abreviado COPE de afrontamiento, y el Cuestionario General de Salud de Goldberg (GHQ-28). La recogida de información se realizó mediante entrevistas individuales (en el caso de los cuidadores informales) y a través de la distribución del cuestionario y envío postal (en el caso de los cuidadores formales). Los resultados evidenciaron la necesidad de poner en marcha intervenciones psicoeducativas y de mejora de la salud en ambos grupos. Sun, 01 Mar 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/166613 2009-03-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/166612 [EN]Spain faces major challenges, including high unemployment—especially among youth and people with disabilities—persistent poverty risk, and the need for austerity measures that could harm vulnerable populations. There is a lack of inclusive education and employment approaches, and a clear need for strategic plans to promote both educational and employment inclusion, particularly for people with cognitive disabilities. Stronger links between public employment services and NGO-led initiatives, such as supported employment, are needed, along with better support for transitions into the labour market. Educational reforms should address regional disparities and foster inclusion in mainstream schools. To reduce poverty, Spain must improve income support systems, family assistance, and access to childcare, while ensuring fiscal policies do not further disadvantage people with disabilities. Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/166612 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/166611 [EN]Spain faces major challenges in addressing high unemployment and poverty, especially among young people and those with disabilities. Inclusive employment opportunities remain limited, with most public investment still focused on sheltered employment, rather than integration into the open labour market—particularly affecting people with cognitive disabilities. The education system lacks inclusive approaches and transition support, and regional disparities persist due to decentralization and insufficient coordination between employment and social services. Data gaps and limited policy evaluation hinder effective planning. To respond, Spain must enhance inclusive education, support family caregivers, ensure access to essential services, strengthen the link between education and employment, and adopt targeted social protection reforms. Several legislative and fiscal measures are needed to align with the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and improve social inclusion outcomes Mon, 01 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/166611 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/166610 [EN]This country report has been prepared as input for the European Semester from a disability perspective.Spain faces major challenges related to high unemployment and poverty risk, especially among youth and people with disabilities. Inclusive employment options, particularly for those with cognitive disabilities, remain limited due to fragmented policies and lack of coordinated support. There is also a pressing need to link education with the labor market and provide transition programs for students with disabilities. Poverty risk is exacerbated by regional disparities and insufficient social protection beyond pensions. Inclusive education and employment strategies require stronger commitment, better data collection, and measurable outcomes. Structural reforms should address social benefit coverage, coordination between services, and fiscal measures that protect disadvantaged groups. Spain must enhance public investment in disability care, promote inclusive education in mainstream schools, and implement legislation aligned with the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities to ensure equity and social inclusion. Mon, 01 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/166610 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/166606 [EN]This country report has been prepared as input for the synthesis report on Social Protection and Article 28 UNCRPD. The increase in inequality in Spain, due to the crisis and the loss of protective measures, can contribute to increase the distance between the included and the excluded. Since, in turn, poverty generates disability, increased inequality can not only worsen the situation of people with a diagnosis of disability or dependence, but also it can compromise the future of younger generations and creating new situations of exclusion, vulnerability and even disability and dependence. Sun, 01 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/166606 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/166605 [EN]This country report has been prepared as input for the European Semester from a disability perspective. In Spain, unemployment among people with disabilities—especially those with cognitive disabilities—remains a major issue, with rates over 17 percentage points higher than the EU average. Most employment policies focus on sheltered options, limiting inclusive labor market access. Education and social inclusion outcomes for people with disabilities are among the lowest in the EU, worsened by economic crisis and growing inequality. Structural problems include poor coordination between education, employment, and social services, lack of transition support, and limited mobility due to decentralized systems across 17 Autonomous Communities. There is also insufficient policy for supporting students with disabilities in tertiary education and for families caring for dependents. Improving inclusive employment and education requires better data, aligned programs, and measurable initiatives. Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/166605 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/166604 [EN]This country report has been prepared as input for the European Semester from a disability perspective. Unemployment remains a major issue in Spain, especially among people with disabilities and youth. Although some progress has been made, most policies still favor sheltered employment rather than inclusive open-market opportunities. This is particularly limiting for people with cognitive disabilities. Education and social inclusion for people with disabilities also lag behind EU averages, worsened by the economic crisis. There is a lack of transition programs and coordination with public employment services. Structural challenges include weak links between education and employment, and high regional disparities due to Spain’s decentralized political system. More disaggregated data and targeted, measurable initiatives are urgently needed to improve outcomes in employment, education, and inclusion for people with disabilities. Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/166604 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/166603 [EN]This country report has been prepared as input for the synthesis report on Access to healthcare in European Countries. Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/166603 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/166602 [EN]This country report has been prepared as input for the Flash synthesis report on the European Semester. Although we have some data comparing the EU and Spain, there is a lack of specific data in many of the examined issues. The first conclusion, then, is the need to priorize the inclusion of disability data in most of the studies developed by the Spainish administration and their Autonomous Communities. In addition, there is a need for promoting studies to analyze specific issues related to the Plans and Actions proposed by Spain. The development of specific indicators for the different proposed measures is a key issue to allow outcome evaluation. Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/166602 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/166601 [EN]This country report has been prepared as input for the Thematic reports on Citizenship and Political Participation in European Countries. The purpose of the report is to examine the legal framework for citizenship in EU/EEA countries, access to, and accessibility of voting in elections for disabled people. Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/166601 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/166600 [ES]Este estudio analiza el uso excesivo de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (Internet y teléfono móvil) en una muestra de 701 estudiantes del distrito universitario de Salamanca. Se desarrollaron dos instrumentos específicos: la Escala de Uso Excesivo de Internet (IOS) y la Escala de Uso Excesivo de Teléfono Móvil (COS), complementados con el BDI, BAI y GHQ-28, para evaluar correlatos psicológicos como ansiedad, depresión y síntomas somáticos. Los resultados revelan que un 8,27% de los participantes cumple criterios diagnósticos de uso patológico de Internet y un 7,99% del teléfono móvil, con un 2,45% cumpliendo ambos. Se observó una asociación significativa entre uso excesivo y síntomas clínicos de ansiedad y depresión, y también con el consumo de tabaco. No se encontraron asociaciones con variables como género o conductas saludables. El estudio valida la fiabilidad y consistencia de los nuevos instrumentos diseñados. Los hallazgos también subrayan la necesidad de intervenciones preventivas y de diagnóstico temprano ante el riesgo creciente de nuevas adicciones conductuales en población universitaria. Se recomienda realizar investigaciones longitudinales y ampliar el análisis con instrumentos complementarios que permitan afinar la clasificación diagnóstica de estos comportamientos. Tue, 30 Jan 2007 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/166600 2007-01-30T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/166599 [EN]This country report has been prepared as input for the thematic report on Maximising the Impact and Effectiveness of Accessibility Measures for Goods and Services: Learning from National Experience. The purpose of the report is to examine the impact and effectiveness of accessibility laws and standards in EU/EEA countries, and mechanisms of monitoring and enforcement. Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/166599 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z