http://hdl.handle.net/10366/4351 Thu, 23 Apr 2026 01:53:28 GMT 2026-04-23T01:53:28Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/170631 [ES] Entre octubre de 2019 y mediados del segundo semestre de 2020, la docencia en la Academia Politécnica Naval debió desarrollarse virtualmente, debido a una serie de desórdenes públicos y la posterior crisis de salud derivada del COVID-19. Chile tuvo que cerrar instituciones educativas y enseñar sus carreras en línea. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las percepciones de profesores y alumnos de la Academia Politécnica Naval, respecto del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje online. La investigación consistió en comparar las percepciones de estudiantes y profesores durante el período indicado. Fri, 30 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/170631 2023-06-30T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/170594 [EN] Civil engineering is a field of knowledge in direct contact with the citizen, not only in the design and construction of infrastructure but also in its maintenance, conservation, monitoring, and management. The integration of new technologies, such as drones, is revolutionizing work methodologies, offering new possibilities for the execution and management of infrastructure and minimizing human intervention in these jobs, with the increase in occupational safety and cost reduction that this entails. This study presents a comprehensive review of the literature on UAV applications for the monitoring and management of civil infrastructure. The applicability of UAVs and their connection with the main existing sensors and technologies are analyzed, such as visible cameras (RGB), multispectral cameras, and hyperspectral cameras, in the most relevant areas of civil engineering, such as building inspection, bridge inspection, dams, power line inspection, photovoltaic plants, inspection, hydrological studies road inspection, slope supervision, and the maintenance and monitoring of landfill operation. The impact and scope of these technologies are addressed, as well as the benefits in terms of process automation, efficiency, safety, and cost reduction. The incorporation of drones promises to significantly transform the practice of civil engineering, improving the sustainability and resilience of infrastructures. Thu, 24 Apr 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/170594 2025-04-24T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/169836 [EN] The abundance of natural resources—particularly grasshoppers found across the world—has been well documented (Afdila et al., 2020; Wei et al., 2023). These insects belong to the suborder Caelifera, which includes various families. The largest family within Caelifera is Acrididae (Le Gall et al., 2019). Insect resources yield valuable opportunities based on their nutritional value (Nieto et al., 2023). Recent scientific research reported by Aguilera et al. (2021) highlights insects as sustainable, protein-rich, and nutritionally dense food sources. For instance, insect meals found high levels of protein, essential fats, and unique compounds like chitin. This study emphasized that these nutritional attributes, combined with insects’ low environmental impact, make them excellent candidates for future animal feed systems. The availability of raw materials for feed is essential for the successful production of feed to meet livestock needs. Grasshoppers can be considered a viable option for poultry feed production. This initiative aims to address the nutritional requirements of poultry, ultimately boosting poultry production. Moreover, enhancing the utilization of natural resources can lead to food conservation for humans. This factor is crucial to consider given the human population in the world. Thus, it is essential to ensure a sustainable supply of natural feed ingredients for poultry, such as grasshoppers, which offer high biological value without competing with food meant for humans. Initiatives to source sustainable feed ingredients, such as incorporating grasshoppers, will strengthen poultry production to meet human food demands. Currently, the livestock industry has not widely adopted insects, especially grasshoppers, as a natural resource for poultry feed. The purpose of this article is to briefly discuss the important potential role of grasshoppers as a breakthrough raw material in feed technology and as a subject that has not been widely explored in the poultry feed industry recently. Many of the primary raw materials used as key protein sources in poultry feed, such as fish, soybeans, nuts, and corn, directly compete with human food sources. At the same time, it is undeniable that global food security continues to be an elusive goal for millions of people worldwide. One such alternative is the use of insects, such as grasshoppers, as feed ingredient. These insects offer several advantages, including being a cheap protein source (Alshelmani et al., 2021) that can be used as a raw material in poultry feed ingredient. The cultivation of insects is considered environmentally sustainable, as it generates significantly lower greenhouse gases (GHs) and requires substantially less land area. Grasshoppers thrive in a variety of environments, are easy to cultivate, and their organic material is not harmful to poultry (Latchininsky et al., 2011). Therefore, this paper aims to highlight the potential of grasshoppers as a sustainable and underutilized protein source for poultry feed, with notable nutritional and environmental benefits. Wed, 24 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/169836 2025-09-24T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/169259 [EN] Taking into account that accessibility is one of the most strategic and determining factors in economic models and that accessibility and tourism affect each other, we can say that the study and improvement of one of them involved the development of the other. Using network analysis, this study presents an algorithm for labeling the difficulty of the streets of a city using different accessibility parameters. We combine network structure and accessibility factors to explore the association between innovative behavior within the street network, and the relationships with the commercial activity in a city. Finally, we present a case study of the city of Avila, locating the most inaccessible areas of the city using centrality measures and analyzing the effects, in terms of accessibility, on the commerce and services of the city.; [ES] Teniendo en cuenta que la accesibilidad es uno de los factores más estratégicos y determinantes en los modelos económicos y que la accesibilidad y el turismo se influyen mutuamente, podemos afirmar que el estudio y la mejora de uno de ellos implican el desarrollo del otro. Mediante el análisis de redes, este estudio presenta un algoritmo para etiquetar la dificultad de las calles de una ciudad utilizando diferentes parámetros de accesibilidad. Combinamos la estructura de la red y los factores de accesibilidad para explorar la asociación entre el comportamiento innovador dentro de la red vial y su relación con la actividad comercial de la ciudad. Finalmente, presentamos un estudio de caso de la ciudad de Ávila, localizando las zonas más inaccesibles de la ciudad mediante medidas de centralidad y analizando los efectos, en términos de accesibilidad, sobre el comercio y los servicios de la ciudad. Tue, 20 Jul 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/169259 2021-07-20T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/168219 [ES] El artículo reivindica la importante labor de la Administración municipal en la renova-ción urbana iniciada en Zamora a finales del siglo XIX, tras el letargo en el que estuvo sumida desde la EdadMedia. A este respecto, la alineación de las principales vías de la ciudad medieval fue esencial para lograr la adaptación funcional del espacio a las exigencias circulatorias modernas, empleando para ello los nuevos mecanismos urbanísticos otorgados por la legislación estatal. La temprana intervención sobre la calle Renova marcó un punto de inflexión en el proceso de revitalización de la capital. Su estratégica localización, en la confluencia entre la Plaza Mayor y las principales vías del segundo recinto, permitió la conexión del centro urbano con las nuevas infraestructuras de comunicación y transporte situadas extramuros, favoreciendo la recuperación de la actividad ciudadana y dando lugar a nuevas intervenciones en el entorno.; [EN] The article claims the important work of the municipal administration in the urban renewal begun in Zamora at the end of the 19th century, after the lethargy in which it had been immersed since the Middle Ages. In this regard, the alignment of the main roads of the medieval city was essential to achieve the functional adaptation of space to modern circulatory requirements, using the new urbanistic mechanisms granted by state legislation. The early intervention on Renova Street marked a turning point in the capital revitalization process. Its strategic location, at the confluence of the Pla-za Mayor and the main roads of the second precinct, allowed the connection of the urban center with the new communication and transport infrastructures located out-side the walls, favoring the recovery of the citizen activity and giving rise to new in-terventions in the urban location. Thu, 01 Oct 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/168219 2020-10-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/168218 [ES] Durante las últimas décadas del siglo XIX, la adecuación del espacio urbano a las nuevas exigencias de la sociedad burguesa trajo consigo la desaparición de numerosos bienes histórico-artísticos en todo el territorio nacional, debido a la insuficiencia de la legislación estatal para su preservación. El artículo pretende llamar la atención sobre la estrategia articulada por el consistorio zamorano para eludir la legislación estatal en materia de protección monumental, logrando demoler significativos hitos de la muralla medieval en pro del desarrollo y modernización de la capital.; [EN] At the end of the nineteenth century, the urban space adaptation to the demands of new society resulted in the disappearance of many historical-artistic properties throughout the Spanish territory, because the insufficiency of state legislation for their preservation. The research aims to draw attention to the strategy articulated by the consistory of Zamora to bypass the legislation on monumental protection, achieving the demolition of significant elements of the medieval wall, in pursuit of development and modernization of the capital. Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/168218 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/168215 [EN] Water damage is one of the main causes of road deterioration during its lifespan, leading to a decrease in the structural and functional qualities of the road surface. Moreover, the management and disposal of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles at the end of their lifecycle are becoming increasingly complex challenges. Hence, this study investigates the feasibility of incorporating crushed PET bottles into the production of asphalt mixtures, considering different PET quantities (6%, 10%, 14%, 18%, and 22%) and two incorporation processes in the mixture design (dry process and modified dry process). PET-modified mixtures‘ volumetric properties, Marshall parameters, and moisture susceptibility characteristics were evaluated and compared with PET-free asphalt mixtures. The results indicated that PET content significantly influences the properties being assessed, and the modified dry process yields a higher resistance to moisture susceptibility. Finally, the obtained TSR (tensile strength ratio) results based on European standards are compared with those obtained using American standards, in an aim to comprehend and assess the testing methods, result reliability, and applicability.; [ES] Los daños causados ​​por el agua son una de las principales causas del deterioro de las carreteras durante su vida útil, lo que conlleva una disminución de las características estructurales y funcionales de la superficie. Además, la gestión y eliminación de las botellas de tereftalato de polietileno (PET) al final de su vida útil se está convirtiendo en un desafío cada vez más complejo. Por lo tanto, este estudio investiga la viabilidad de incorporar botellas de PET trituradas en la producción de mezclas asfálticas, considerando diferentes cantidades de PET (6 %, 10 %, 14 %, 18 % y 22 %) y dos procesos de incorporación en el diseño de la mezcla (proceso seco y proceso seco modificado). Se evaluaron las propiedades volumétricas, los parámetros Marshall y las características de susceptibilidad a la humedad de las mezclas modificadas con PET y se compararon con las de las mezclas asfálticas sin PET. Los resultados indicaron que el contenido de PET influye significativamente en las propiedades evaluadas, y que el proceso seco modificado proporciona una mayor resistencia a la humedad. Finalmente, se comparan los resultados de TSR (relación de resistencia a la tracción) obtenidos según las normas europeas con los obtenidos según las normas estadounidenses, con el fin de comprender y evaluar los métodos de ensayo, la fiabilidad y la aplicabilidad de los resultados. Fri, 06 Oct 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/168215 2023-10-06T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/168189 [EN] Urban regeneration is perceived as an efficient solution addressing multiple problems in today’s cities, offering answers to the social, economic, physical, and environmental challenges faced by consolidated fabrics. This paper utilizes the assessment tool developed in the Urban Regeneration Strategy of Castilla and León to conduct a comparative analysis of proposals formulated since 2014 in neighborhoods built after the Spanish CivilWar in this region. The aim is to validate the effectiveness of this methodology to establish the quality and sustainability of these initiatives and to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the cases analyzed. The results obtained endorse the operability of this evaluation process since it makes it possible to assess the scope of the planned measures at an early stage. This makes it possible to introduce improvements during the implementation phase or in future interventions, which will have a positive impact on their outcome. In any case, it is necessary to complement this study with analyses at later stages in order to establish an overall diagnosis of the real relevance of these operations.; [ES] La regeneración urbana se percibe como una solución eficiente que aborda múltiples problemas en las ciudades actuales, ofreciendo respuestas a los desafíos sociales, económicos, físicos y ambientales que enfrentan los tejidos consolidados. Este trabajo utiliza la herramienta de evaluación desarrollada en la Estrategia de Regeneración Urbana de Castilla y León para realizar un análisis comparativo de las propuestas formuladas desde 2014 en barrios construidos tras la Guerra Civil Española en esta región. El objetivo es validar la eficacia de esta metodología para establecer la calidad y sostenibilidad de estas iniciativas e identificar las fortalezas y debilidades de los casos analizados. Los resultados obtenidos avalan la operatividad de este proceso de evaluación, ya que permite evaluar el alcance de las medidas planificadas en una etapa temprana. Esto permite introducir mejoras durante la fase de implementación o en futuras intervenciones, lo que tendrá un impacto positivo en sus resultados. En cualquier caso, es necesario complementar este estudio con análisis en etapas posteriores para establecer un diagnóstico global de la relevancia real de estas operaciones. Wed, 17 Jul 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/168189 2024-07-17T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/168187 [EN] The Franco dictatorship (1939-1975) was the stage of greatest constructive development in contemporary Spain. Understanding this inherited landscape requires an analysis of the historical context in which the regime operated during its existence. In this paper, we conduct a formal analysis of the planned projects for the Peña neighborhood of Zamora. We argue that the urban proposals elaborated for this area between the 1940s and 1970s reflect different visions of the Francoist city at successive stages of its evolution. Our objective is to examine the relationship between the historical framework and urban form, and to offer a unique case study that complements or contrasts with existing research on this global phenomenon. Based on primary sources, we have analyzed the projected interventions, allowing us to construct a clear perspective on the urban dynamics of the period that supports our initial hypothesis.; [ES] La dictadura franquista (1939-1975) fue la etapa de mayor desarrollo constructivo de la España contemporánea. Entender la forma de este paisaje heredado requiere un análisis del contexto histórico en el que se desarrolló. En este trabajo realizamos un análisis formal de los proyectos previstos para el barrio Peña en Zamora. Sostenemos que las propuestas urbanísticas elaboradas para esta zona entre las décadas de 1940 y 1970 reflejan diferentes visiones de la ciudad franquista en sucesivas etapas de su evolución. Nuestro objetivo es examinar la relación entre el marco histórico y el modelo urbano y ofrecer un nuevo caso de estudio que, además de su interés particular, sirva de complemento o contrapunto a las investigaciones existentes sobre este fenómeno global. Basándonos en fuentes primarias, hemos analizado las intervenciones proyectadas, lo que nos ha permitido construir una perspectiva clara sobre la dinámica urbana del periodo, confirmando así la hipótesis de partida. Tue, 30 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/168187 2025-09-30T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/167283 [EN] This study explores the effects of germination and cooking as pretreatments, followed by fermentation using different starter cultures on the physicochemical, nutritional, and techno-functional properties of Beluga and Du Puy lentil flours, focusing on reducing antinutritional factors and enhancing nutrient bioavailability. Fermentation was conducted using lactic acid bacteria (Furfurilactobacillus rossiae and Lactobacillus brevis) and a probiotic yeast (Saccharomyces boulardii) as starter cultures, individually and in combination. Results showed significant improvements in protein content, which increased by up to 38.4 g/100 g dry weight (dw) in Beluga lentils, and γ-tocopherol levels, which reached 8.15 mg/100 g dw after fermentation with L. brevis. Also, in Beluga lentils, germination followed by fermentation with F. rossiae and S. boulardii reduced carbohydrates to 57.7 g/100 g dw. Germination alone enhanced sucrose concentrations to 4.09 g/100 g dw and 4.44 g/100 g dw both Beluga and Du Puy lentils, respectively, while fermentation reduced its levels and promoted glucose production, reaching up to 1.02 g/100 g dw. Reduction in antinutritional factors was notable, with decreased phytic acid and condensed tannins concentration. Techno-functional properties such as water and oil holding capacity, and emulsifying capacity also improved significantly across treatments, enhancing the versatility of lentil flours in diverse food applications. These results highlight the potential of tailored processing techniques to enhance the physicochemical profile of lentils, providing a foundation for their use in developing nutrient-dense, plant-based food products. Such innovations offer sustainable alternatives to traditional food sources, aligning with the growing demand for high-yield, environmentally friendly options.; [ES] Este estudio explora los efectos de la germinación y cocción como pretratamientos , seguidos de la fermentación utilizando diferentes cultivos iniciadores sobre las propiedades fisicoquímicas, nutricionales y tecnofuncionales de las harinas de lentejas Beluga y Du Puy, centrándose en reducir los factores antinutricionales y mejorar la biodisponibilidad de los nutrientes. La fermentación se realizó utilizando bacterias de ácido láctico ( Furfurilactobacillus rossiaey Lactobacillus brevis ) y unalevadura probiótica ( Saccharomyces boulardii ) como cultivos iniciadores , individualmente y en combinación. Los resultados mostraron mejoras significativas en el contenido de proteína, que aumentó hasta 38,4 g/100 g de peso seco (ps) en lentejas Beluga, y los niveles de γ-tocoferol, que alcanzaron 8,15 mg/100 g ps después de la fermentación conL. brevis. Además, en las lentejas Beluga, la germinación seguida de fermentación conF. rossiaeyS. boulardii redujo los carbohidratos a 57,7 g/100 g ps. La germinación sola mejoró las concentraciones de sacarosa a 4,09 g/100 g ps y 4,44 g/100 g ps tanto en las lentejas Beluga como en las Du Puy, respectivamente, mientras que la fermentación redujo sus niveles y promovió la producción de glucosa , alcanzando hasta 1,02 g/100 g ps. La reducción de los factores antinutricionales fue notable, con una disminución de la concentración de ácido fítico y taninos condensados . Las propiedades tecnofuncionales como la capacidad de retención de agua y aceite, y la capacidad emulsionante también mejoraron significativamente en todos los tratamientos, mejorando la versatilidad de las harinas de lentejas en diversas aplicaciones alimentarias. Estos resultados resaltan el potencial de las técnicas de procesamiento a medida para mejorar el perfil fisicoquímico de las lentejas, proporcionando una base para su uso en el desarrollo de productos alimenticios de origen vegetal ricos en nutrientes. Estas innovaciones ofrecen alternativas sostenibles a las fuentes de alimentos tradicionales, en línea con la creciente demanda de opciones de alto rendimiento y respetuosas con el medio ambiente. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/167283 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/166685 [EN] This study aims to evaluate the effect of different dietary fat sources on the quality of a Spanish-cooked meat product Lomo de Sajonia (LSA) and its shelf-life. Forty loins were selected from Iberian pigs fed four dietary treatments containing pork fat (G-1), Greedy-Grass Olive® (GGO) (enriched oleic-acid oil) (G-2), G-2 and high oleic sunflower (G-3), and G-3 plus a mixture of commercial organic acids (Bioll®) (G-4). Loins were manufactured to obtain LSA, and the quality and sensorial attributes were assessed. The shelf life was established according to microbial count and sensorial analysis, which was packed in a modified atmosphere and stored under retail conditions. All meat quality parameters of LSA remained stable in all groups, except fat content and overall liking, which showed the highest values for G-2 LSA. Regarding the shelf life, sensorial attributes remained acceptable in all groups during storage time, while a delay in microbial growth was recorded for the LSA of G-3. According to the results, including GGO in Iberian pig diets could enhance LSA traits, possibly linked to increased assimilation compared with conventional fat sources. However, adding organic acids to the diet did not have the expected effect on improving the shelf life of the LSA. Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/166685 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/166684 [EN] This study was performed to determine the efect of mushroom powder (MP) (Agaricus bisporus) supplementation on growing Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). A total of 300 unsexed 1-day-old Japanese quails with similar body weights (8.38±0.2 g) were randomly assigned to fve treatment groups with six replications. Additions of 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, or 1.00% of MP to the basal diet were used to develop the treatment groups. Quails were fed ad libitum for 42 days. At the end of the experiment, 12 quails from each experimental unit were euthanised to determine performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and bone biochemical properties. Results showed that all dietary MP did not negatively afect any performance parameters (P>0.05), while by the third week of life, there was an increase (P<0.05) in body weight and body weight gain in the quails of the 0.75% MP group compared to the control group. Nevertheless, these diferences disappeared at the end of the trial (P>0.05). No diferences were observed (P>0.05) for any of the studied carcass traits, except for the pancreas weight which decreased (P<0.05) with the addition of high MP (1.00%). Regarding meat quality, all color parameters were afected on the ffth day of sampling (P<0.05) but not on the frst day (P>0.05). It was detected that the breast of the quails in group 0.75% MP had the highest L* value and the lowest a* value. While the breast of the 1.00% MP group had the highest b value and the lowest pH value. Dietary MP enhanced oxidative stability, reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) value in the breast compared to the control at both sampling points (P<0.01), being more noted on the ffth day of sampling. Bone biomechanical properties (in terms of shear force or shear stress) were improved (P<0.01) with the dietary addition of MP at 0.75% compared to the control. It can be suggested that MP is a secure ingredient in animal feed without negatively afecting performance parameters, carcass traits, or meat quality. Therefore, including an interval of 0.50–0.75% of MP in the diet of growing quails could be a suitable strategy to improve certain parameters such as the meat’s oxidative stability and the bone’s biomechanical parameters. Moreover, the efcacy of MP on performance development would be greater during the frst weeks of the quails’ life due to their intestinal conditions at this stage. Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/166684 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/163174 [ES] En este trabajo se estudia el microdaño intercolonial inducido por embutición en microestructuras perlíticas. El análisis se realizó a partir de la observación directa de la microestructura de los alambres de acero perlítico estirados progresivamente en frío asociados a las distintas etapas (pasadas de estirado en frío) de un esquema real de fabricación por estirado en frío, constituido por siete pasadas de estirado en frío. Se encontraron tres tipos de ICMD en las microestructuras de acero perlítico, todos ellos afectando a dos o más colonias de perlita, a saber: (i) desgarro intercolonial; (ii) desgarro multicolonial; y (iii) microdescolonización. La evolución de la ICMD es muy relevante para el posterior proceso de fractura de los alambres de acero perlítico estirados en frío, ya que los microdefectos intercoloniales inducidos por el estirado actúan como eslabones más débiles o promotores/iniciadores de la fractura, afectando así a la integridad microestructural de los alambres; [EN] This paper studies the drawing-induced intercolonial microdamage (ICMD) in pearlitic microstructures. The analysis was performed from the direct observation of the microstructure of the progressively cold-drawn pearlitic steel wires associated with the distinct steps (cold-drawing passes) of a real cold-drawing manufacturing scheme, constituted by seven cold-drawing passes. Three types of ICMD were found in the pearlitic steel microstructures, all affecting two or more pearlite colonies, namely: (i) intercolonial tearing; (ii) multi-colonial tearing; and (iii) micro-decolonization. The ICMD evolution is quite relevant to the subsequent fracture process of cold-drawn pearlitic steel wires, since the drawing-induced intercolonial micro-defects act as weakest links or fracture promoters/initiators, thereby affecting the microstructural integrity of the wires. Wed, 22 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/163174 2023-02-22T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/163172 [ES] El objetivo final de este trabajo es estudiar los cambios microestructurales en la región de necking de alambres de acero perlítico estirados progresivamente en frío mediante un análisis exhaustivo y detallado del espaciado interlamelar de la perlita y de la microdureza Vickers en esta región especial. Para ello, un conjunto de alambres de acero perlítico estirados progresivamente en frío pertenecientes a una cadena de fabricación real fueron sometidos a ensayos de tracción estándar, de tal forma que los ensayos se interrumpieron antes de la fractura final, es decir, el desarrollo del ensayo se abortó justo en el instante del necking. Los cambios microestructurales durante el necking se evaluaron midiendo el espaciado interlamelar de la perlita en la región de necking, así como la microdureza Vickers en los diferentes puntos de la misma. El estudio de los citados cambios microestructurales previos a la fractura final fue el objetivo final de la investigación, pretendiendo determinar las zonas locales de la región de necking de las probetas en las que los cambios microestructurales son más evidentes, afectando así a la respuesta mecánica local de un determinado acero estirado en frío en el momento de inestabilidad bajo control de carga durante el ensayo de tracción estándar.; [EN] The final aim of this paper is to study the microstructural changes in the necking region of progressively cold-drawn pearlitic steel wires by means of a thorough and detailed analysis of pearlite interlamellar spacing and Vickers micro-hardness in this special region. To this end, a set of progressively cold-drawn pearlitic steel wires belonging to a real manufacturing chain were subjected to standard tension tests, in such a manner that the tests were interrupted before the final fracture, i.e., the test development was aborted just at the necking instant. The microstructural changes during necking were evaluated by measuring the pearlite interlamellar spacing in the necking region, as well as the Vickers micro-hardness in the different points of it. The study of the afore-said microstructural changes preceding the final fracture was the final aim of the research, intending to determine the local areas in the necking region of the specimens in which microstructural changes are most evident, thereby affecting the local mechanical response of a specific cold-drawn steel at the moment of instability under load control during the standard tension test. Sat, 05 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/163172 2023-08-05T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/163167 [ES] Este artículo se centra en el análisis de la evolución de las inclusiones presentes en un acero eutectoide perlítico sometido a un proceso real de estirado en frío. Para ello, se estudiaron alambres pertenecientes a diferentes etapas de la cadena de fabricación, partiendo de una barra inicial laminada en caliente (no estirada en frío en absoluto). Además de la información obtenida mediante inspección visual, se llevó a cabo un análisis cuantitativo de los microdefectos generados por estas inclusiones. El análisis se realizó mediante técnicas materialográficas, microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM) y el programa de análisis de imágenes (AnaliSYS 3.1®); [EN] This article focuses on the analysis of the evolution of inclusions present in eutectoid pearlitic steel subjected to a real cold drawing process. To this end, wires belonging to different stages of the manufacture chain were studied, starting from an initial hot rolled bar (not cold drawn at all). In addition to the information obtained through visual inspection, a quantitative analysis of the microdefects generated by these inclusions was carried out. The analysis was performed using materialographic techniques, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the image analysis program (AnaliSYS 3.1®). Thu, 12 Aug 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/163167 2021-08-12T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/163165 [ES] Existen muchas invenciones para evitar el riesgo de contacto eléctrico en el enchufe. Sin embargo, el objetivo de la invención resultante de la investigación es la propuesta de una medida complementaria a las existentes, que resuelva el problema específico de las electrocuciones que se producen en la acción de conexión y desconexión, debido al contacto del usuario con las partes activas del enchufe. La investigación se ha centrado en la propuesta de una solución de diseño que resuelva el problema de la electrocución en estos casos particulares y comunes. El objetivo de este artículo es la divulgación de un mecanismo de protección de enchufes macho, que se ha llevado a cabo únicamente con el uso de métodos mecánicos. Su importancia radica en la sencillez y viabilidad del modelo de utilidad registrado, así como en la trascendencia que su puesta en práctica puede suponer para la prevención de accidentes graves en el ámbito eléctrico de uso doméstico e industrial. El trabajo muestra el mecanismo y funcionamiento de la invención del enchufe macho propuesto en materia de protección contra riesgos eléctricos.; [EN] There are many inventions to avoid the risk of electric contact in the plug. However, the objective of the invention resulting from the research is the proposal of a complementary measure to the existing ones, solving the specific problem of electrocutions that occur in the action of connection and disconnection, due to the contact of the user with the active parts of the plug. The research has focused on the proposal of a design solution that solves the problem of electrocution in these particular and common cases. The objective of this article is the disclosure of a male plug protection mechanism, which has been carried out solely with the use of mechanical methods. Its importance lies in the simplicity and feasibility of the registered utility model as well as in the importance that its implementation may entail for the prevention of serious accidents in the electrical field for domestic and industrial use. The work shows the mechanism and operation of the invention of the proposed male plug in terms of protection against electrical hazards. Wed, 13 Dec 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/163165 2023-12-13T00:00:00Z