http://hdl.handle.net/10366/68586 Thu, 23 Apr 2026 20:20:15 GMT 2026-04-23T20:20:15Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/164954 [EN]This article considers the dynamics of Spanish literacy in the period 1860-1910, characterized by local councils’ responsibility of public elementary education. To this end, it is built a harmonized series of the literacy of the population aged ten or over, disaggregated by sex and province. Marked spatial differences and a very large gender gap can be observed. Five clusters are determined according to the male literacy rates of the provinces in 1860; these clusters prove to have explanatory power all along the period and for both sexes. A parsimonious statistical model of the evolution of male literacy during the period, introducing linguistic variables, shows a considerable temporal stability of the spatial distribution of male literacy. The model of the evolution of female literacy presents similarities with that of male literacy, although now the initial state (in 1860) is not described by female literacy, but yet by male literacy. All in all, the evolution of literacy in Spain between 1860 and 1910 did not follow the spatial pattern of the economic modernization process. Besides, there was no correlation between birth rates and literacy rates of children, for both sexes, and the same can be said of the correlation between urbanization and literacy. Considering the West European context, the Spanish literacy process during the period 1860-1910 was a failure, except for the geographical area of the top cluster. Fri, 01 Nov 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/164954 2024-11-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/160662 [EN]This article considers the dynamics of Spanish literacy in the period 1860-1910, characterized by local councils’ responsibility of public elementary education. To this end, it is built a harmonized series of the literacy of the population aged ten or over, disaggregated by sex and province. Marked spatial differences and a very large gender gap can be observed. Five clusters are determined according to the male literacy rates of the provinces in 1860; these clusters prove to have explanatory power all along the period and for both sexes. A parsimonious statistical model of the evolution of male literacy during the period, introducing linguistic variables, shows a considerable temporal stability of the spatial distribution of male literacy. The model of the evolution of female literacy presents similarities with that of male literacy, although now the initial state (in 1860) is not described by female literacy, but yet by male literacy. All in all, the evolution of literacy in Spain between 1860 and 1910 did not follow the spatial pattern of the economic modernization process. Besides, there was no correlation between birth rates and literacy rates of children, for both sexes, and the same can be said of the correlation between urbanization and literacy. Considering the West European context, the Spanish literacy process during the period 1860-1910 was a failure, except for the geographical area of the top cluster. Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/160662 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/143075 Measurement theory has dealt with the applicability of the conditional probability formula to the updating of probability assignments when new information is incorporated. In this paper the original probability measure is taken as given, and an assumption on the relation between this probability and a possible conditional probability is imposed. Provided that the original probability is non-atomic, it is proved that there is one and only one transformed probability measure satisfying the assumption. Building on this result, we discuss the hypotheses underlying Bayesian inference. In the Bayesian parametric model, a joint probability distribution on the product of the sample space and the parameter space is assigned. As this probability distribution is shown to be non-atomic, we conclude that, apart from measure-theoretic representability hypotheses, the existence of this joint probability is the only nontechnical hypothesis underlying Bayesian parametric statistical inference. Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/143075 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/123913 [EN] This working paper entitled "Majorization, Matrix Transformations and Electoral Systems" presents a result that can be applied to the comparison of closed list electoral systems, providing a unified proof of the standard hierarchy of these electoral systems according to whether they are more or less favourable to larger parties.; [ES] Estudio sobre transformación de matrices cuyo resultado puede ser aplicado a la comparación de sistemas electorales (con listas cerradas), proporcionando una demostración unificada de la jerarquía estándar de estos sistemas electorales según sean más o menos favorables a los partidos mayores. Mon, 01 Sep 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/123913 2014-09-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/122471 Las elecciones anticipadas al Parlamento Catalán de 2012 tuvieron un resultado inesperado. Por una parte, el predicho incremento del voto de los partidos nacionalistas (catalanes), tomados conjuntamente, no tuvo lugar. Por otra parte, en lo concerniente a las preferencias sobre la cuestión del nacionalismo hubo un desplazamiento hacia posiciones más militantes, a ambos lados del espectro. Como efecto de ambas componentes, la gobernante coalición CiU que había convocado las elecciones anticipadas sufrió una severa decepción. Las encuestas y las expectativas transmitidas por los medios de comunicación fallaron manifiestamente. En este artículo investigamos la dinámica entre las elecciones de 2010 y 2012, utilizando un procedimiento estadístico indirecto. La lengua resulta ser un factor clave. El hecho de que el apoyo a los partidos nacionalistas haya permanecido constante entre 2010 y 2012 es consecuencia de que este apoyo ha crecido entre los catalanohablantes y disminuido entre los castellanohablantes. Las dos organizaciones políticas que han dominado la política catalana, CiU (centro-derecha) y PSC (centro-izquierda), afrontan retos a sus papeles centrales. The 2012 snap election for the Catalan Parliament had a rather unexpected result. On the one hand, the predicted increase of the (Catalan) nationalist parties (taken together) did not take place. On the other hand, in the nationalist preferences dimension there was a shift towards more militant positions on both sides of the spectrum. All in all, the (Catalan) nationalist coalition in government calling the snap election suffered a harsh disappointment. Opinion polls and expectations conveyed by the media failed glaringly. In this paper we investigate the dynamic between the 2010 and 2012 elections, using an indirect statistical procedure. Language turns out to be a key factor. The fact that the support of nationalist parties has remained constant between 2010 and 2012 results from this support increasing among Catalan speakers and decreasing among Spanish speakers. The two political organizations that have dominated Catalan politics, CiU (centre-right) and PSC (centre-left), face challenges to their pivotal roles. Thu, 09 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/122471 2014-01-09T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/116272 La intensidad de preferencia es un concepto relevante, más general que el de preferencia cardinalmente representable, y se introduce una definición axiomática acorde. Se aplican los espacios uniformes como instrumento para estudiar la intensidad de preferencia. Se considera así la "unicidad" y la existencia de representación cardinal. Preference intensity is a relevant concept, more general than cardinal representable preference, and an according axiomatic definition is introduced. Uniform spaces are applied as a tool to study preference intensity. "Uniqueness" and the existence of cardinal representation are thus considered. Wed, 31 Oct 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/116272 2012-10-31T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/113416 [ES] Se considera un encuadre algorítmico de los sistemas electorales. A partir de ello, se parametriza la especificación de los sistemas electorales principales. [EN] An algorithmic framework of electoral systems is considered. As a result, the specification of the main electoral systems is parametrized. Tue, 28 Feb 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/113416 2012-02-28T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/113094 [EN] In this paper we are concerned with assessing the cohesiveness of a society whose individual preferences are known. We analyse the axiomatic properties of a general proposal to measure aggregate satisfaction, that relies on the consensus with reference to a select social preference.; [ES] En este trabajo hacemos una aportación al análisis formal de la medición del consenso en una sociedad. En lugar de abordar la medición desde un punto de vista absoluto partimos de una preocupación práctica: la propuesta de un mecanismo de decisión respecto al cual se mida el consenso. Sorprendentemente este enfoque produce un potente modelo unificador, del cual analizamos extensamente una particularización interesante. También estudiamos las propiedades axiomáticas de expresiones particulares para el consenso con referencia a varias reglas sociales prominentes. Tue, 31 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/113094 2012-01-31T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/113069 [ES] Se analiza el concepto de miembro colectivo de un partido político y se establece una tipología. Se hace referencia principalmente al contexto de Europa Occidental, y se consideran los casos de miembros colectivos en los partidos principales de los cinco países "grandes" (Alemania, España, Francia, Italia y Reino Unido).; [EN] The concept of collective member of a political party is analysed and a typology is established. The West European context is mainly referred to, and the instances of collective membership in the main parties of the five “large” countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and United Kingdom) are considered. Mon, 30 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/113069 2012-01-30T00:00:00Z