Participación parental en intervenciones familiares preventivas de toxicodependencias: una revisión bibliográfica empírica

Abstract

[ES] a los factores individuales, contextuales y de intervención pueden predecir la participación parental en las intervenciones familiares de prevención de drogodependencias. Los estudios sobre los factores de pronóstico de participación son útiles para identificar a aquellos individuos que hallan en mayor riesgo de abandonar. En este trabajo ofrecemos un repaso de la evolución más reciente de los diversos factores de pronóstico de la participación familiar en programas preventivos de consumo de drogas y otros problemas. A partir de los determinantes específicos y dinámicos de la participación que se estudian en este trabajo, al final proponemos un marco teórico de la participación familiar que presenta cuatro componentes básicos: (1) patrones de interacción familiar; (2) conocimiento y percepciones de los padres sobre los problemas conductuales de los hijos; (3) variables psicológicas de los hijos; y (4) percepciones de los padres sobre la intervención preventiva. [EN] Substance use and misuse are very common in adolescence. Parents play an important part in substance use, both through inducing risk or promoting protection and resilience. Family-based interventions have proven to be a useful approach to prevent adolescent substance use and other youth problem behaviors. However, low participation rates are an important threat to the validity of family-based preventive interventions. It has long been recognized that one of the major problems in implementing familybased preventive interventions has been the recruitment, retention and participation of parents. Besides, the benefits of increased parent participation in preventive parent training are associated with a lasting effect on adolescent behavior. Identify specific determinants of participant engagement in family-based prevention programs is of utmost importance, as the level of parental engagement can be a predictor of program effectiveness. There has recently been increased attention to understanding how individual, contextual and intervention factors can predict parental participation in family-based drug prevention interventions. Research on predictors of participation is helpful in the way it can identify those individuals who may be at highest risk for drop out. In this paper we provide an overview of the more recent developments of the several predictors of family participation in preventive substance use and other problems family-based programs. Keeping in mind the specific dynamic determinants of participation examined in this review, we finally suggest a theoretical framework of family participation that includes four basic components: (1) family interaction patterns; (2) parent cognitions and attributions about child’s behavior problems; (3) parent psychological variables; and; (4) parent perceptions about the preventive intervention.