Validation of a brief scale for the assessment of distress associated to bipolar disorder

Abstract

[EN]Background and objectives: Perceived distress and discomfort has received less attention in the literature than other factors that influence the course of bipolar disorder (BD). Given its proven relationship with psychopathology, it is of great importance. However, it is necessary to design an instrument to assess it since there is no scale that measures this feature. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional design in which 72 BD euthymic patients were assessed. A scale to measure perceived distress in BD (perceived consequences, impact on interpersonal relationships and disorder self-management), scored from 1 to 10 and developed for this study, was applied. In addition, the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) were also applied. Results: Reliability and validity analyses, as well as descriptive and inferential analysis were done. The developed measure showed adequate reliability and validity properties. Descriptive analyses show that the issues that generate more distress in patients were the burden associated to the disease, the perception of a lack of responsiveness from close people, the negative impact of their illness on those relationships, the alteration of mental functions, and the difficulties of managing daily stress. Conclusions: The present study offers evidence of the psychometric adequacy and usefulness of the developed scale to assess the distress experienced by patients with BD. It is necessary for mental health professionals to pay attention to the patient’s perception of illness.