Impacto de un programa de rehabilitación integral funcional en la calidad de vida del paciente oncológico con disnea

Abstract

Background Dyspnoea is one of leading causes of loss of autonomy in patients with advanced-stage cancer. Pharmacological measures achieve a reduction of the symptom, but without generalizing this improvement to functionality. We propose the inclusion of a comprehensive functional rehabilitation programme. The purpose is to test the efficacy of an integral respiratory rehabilitation programme to improve autonomy levels and relieve cancer-related dyspnoea.

Methods Experimental design, prospective, longitudinal, randomized study based on a parallel fixed allocation scheme using an experimental group and a control group. The intervention group participated in comprehensive functional rehabilitation, while the control group only received standard drug treatment. Single blind masking, but statistical analysis was performed by non-study personnel.

Results Final sample of 113 individuals, 52 in the control group and 61 in the experimental group, from the Oncology Unit of the University Hospital Complex of Salamanca. Statistically significant differences (are observed) between the members of both groups in the levels of functionality (p = .000), in the levels of dyspnoea (p =.001) and in the sub-items of the Euro-QOL questionnaire, except in the sub-item related to pain (p = .311). No major adverse effects or side effects are observed.

Conclusion Non-pharmacological interventions using a comprehensive functional rehabilitation programme improve functionality and relieve dyspnoea in cancer patients.