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Velasco, A., & Hijazi, M. (2016). Oleic acid and cholinergic dysfunction in Down Syndrome models of the central nervous system. Journal of Neurology & Neuromedicine, 1(3). https://doi.org/10.29245/2572.942X/2016/3.1029
Resumen
[EN]Down syndrome (DS): or trisomy 21: is the most common autosomal aneuploidy
and the leading genetic cause of intellectual disability. It is widely established
that mental retardation is primarily a consequence of brain functioning and
developmental abnormalities in neurogenesis. Some changes in the physical
structure of the dendrites are a major cause of impaired synaptic plasticity
of DS. The overexpression of the dual specificyty tyrsone phosphorylationregulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A): located on chromosome 21: is involved in
cellular plasticity and responsible for central nervous system disturbance in DS.
Oleic acid is a neurotrophic factor that promotes neuronal differentiation and
increases the levels of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Furthermore: it has
recently been shown that it induces migration and formation of new synapses
in euploid cells. However: remarkably oleic acid fails to reproduce the same
effects in trisomic cells.
Here we review the hypothesis that oleic acid-dependent synaptic plasticity
may be dependent on the lipid environment. Thus: differences in membrane
composition may be essential to understand why oleic acid promotes higher
cell plasticity in euploid than in trisomic cells.
