Evaluación de la calidad de vida en personas mayores y con discapacidad: la Escala Fumat

Abstract

[ES] Este artículo tiene como objetivo el desarrollo y la validación de un instrumento específico para valorar de un modo objetivo la calidad de vida de personas mayores y personas con discapacidad que acuden a algún tipo de servicio social. La escala se desarrolló siguiendo un proceso de tres pasos: revisión de la literatura, elaboración de un banco de ítems y evaluación de los ítems seleccionados por un grupo de 15 expertos en términos de idoneidad, importancia y observabilidad. La validación del cuestionario se llevó a cabo en una muestra de 100 usuarios adultos de servicios proporcionados por Matía Fundazioa (San Sebastián). La fiabilidad se evaluó en términos de consistencia interna (Alpha de Cronbach y correlación entre dos mitades de Spearman-Brown) y estructura factorial (fiabilidad zeta y omega). La validez se evaluó en términos de validez de contenido, validez discriminante, validez concurrente y validez de constructo. Los resultados obtenidos confirman la validez y fiabilidad de la Escala FUMAT para evaluar la calidad de vida objetiva de personas mayores y personas con discapacidad que son usuarias de servicios sociales.

[EN] The aim of this article is to develop and validate a specific tool to assess objective quality of life in elder people and people with disabilities who are social services recipients. The scale was developed in three steps: literature review, development of a pool of items, and panel of 15 experts evaluating the items idoneity, importance, and observability. The questionnaire validation was carried out with a sample composed of 100 adult users of services provided by Matia Fundazioa (San Sebastian, Spain). Reliability was evaluated in terms of internal consistence (Cronbach’s Alpha and Spearman-Brown splithalf reliability) and factorial structure (theta and omega reliability). Validity was evaluated in terms of content, discriminant, concurrent and construct validity. The obtained results confirm the FUMAT Scale validity and reliability to assess objective quality of life in elder people and persons with disabilities that are users of social services. [EN]The aim of this article is to develop and validate a specific tool to assess objective quality of life in elder people and people with disabilities who are social services recipients. The scale was developed in three steps: literature review, development of a pool of items, and panel of 15 experts evaluating the items idoneity, importance, and observability. The questionnaire validation was carried out with a sample composed of 100 adult users of services provided by Matia Fundazioa (San Sebastian, Spain). Reliability was evaluated in terms of internal consistence (Cronbach’s Alpha and Spearman-Brown splithalf reliability) and factorial structure (theta and omega reliability). Validity was evaluated in terms of content, discriminant, concurrent and construct validity. The obtained results confirm the FUMAT Scale validity and reliability to assess objective quality of life in elder people and persons with disabilities that are users of social services.