[EN] The production of Paleolithic art represents one of the most intricate technical and cognitive
endeavors of Homo sapiens, marked by its profound antiquity and vast temporal and spatial
framework. Despite its signifcance, there have been no prior studies aimed at understanding the
cognitive and motor skills linked to the creation of realistic images characteristic of this artistic cycle.
This research integrates archaeology and experimental psychology, premised on the assumption that
the neurological basis of Anatomically Modern Humans has not changed substantially since the Upper
Paleolithic. This work employs an innovative interdisciplinary approach, utilizing psychometric tests
and drawing and engraving tasks monitored by motion-sensing gloves, to compare the performance
of experts and non-experts in visual arts when faced with challenges akin to those of Upper Paleolithic
artistic production. The results revealed that expertise in visual arts is linked to enhanced spatial
abilities and specifc patterns in drawing from memory. Additionally, both experts and non-experts
displayed similar motor skills when engraving using Paleolithic techniques, suggesting that these
techniques required specialized training in the contemporary experts. In conclusion, this research
deepens our understanding of the processes involved in Upper Paleolithic artistic production.
