Variantes do objeto direto anafórico em manuais de português brasileiro como L2

Abstract

In this paper, we describe and analyse the representation of the 3rd person anaphoric direct object in the following Brazilian Portuguese as a Second/Foreign Language textbooks: Bem-Vindo: a língua portuguesa no mundo da comunicação (Ponce et al., 2017), Falar, Ler e Escrever Português (Lima et al., 2017) and Novo Avenida Brasil: curso básico de português para estrangeiros (Lima et al., vol. 1, 2014; vol. 2, 2014; vol. 3, 2013). Of the 799 occurrences found in the textbooks, most corresponded to the accusative clitic variant (62.2%), which, according to several (socio)linguistic studies, would be of limited use in Brazilian Portuguese, being restricted to more monitored contexts of speech and writing (Duarte, 1989; Corrêa, 1991; Freire, 2000; Bagno, 2000, 2012; Arruda, 2012, among others). With a decreasing percentage of occurrence, we registered the null object variant (26.5%), the anaphoric nominal phrase variant (11%) and the lexical pronoun variant (0.3%). It is noteworthy that each of the textbooks had the variants in the frequency order mentioned above, with the accusative clitic variant occupying more than 50% of all the occurrences of the variable; their presence was also found in less monitored contexts of speech and writing, which diverges significantly from Brazilian empirical research on the subject. Therefore, the advances in descriptions and analyses of Brazilian Portuguese regarding variation and change in the expression of the 3rd person anaphoric direct object were not well-supported by the textbooks under analysis here, which, despite their constant re-editions, remain subordinated to the precepts of traditional grammar rather than representing Brazilian linguistic reality.