Limpets & Periwinkles in Cantabrian Spain between 22,000 and 15,000 Cal BC: Archaeomalacological Remains at Altamira Cave

Abstract

Limpets & Periwinkles in Cantabrian Spain between 22,000 and 15,000 Cal BC: Archaeomalacological remains at Altamira Cave. This paper presents the archaeomalacological study of the excavations at Altamira Cave. It examines, on one hand, the molluscs found by H. Obermaier’s excavations (1924-1925) and, on the other hand, those recovered by J. González Echegaray and L. G. Freeman’s research (1908-1981). As well as classifying the two collections, the NR and MNI are calculated and the superficial alterations, caused by marine organisms (epifauna), humans, etc. are analysed. The two collections are compared, using the biometrics of the most representative species (Patella vulgata and Littorina littorea) in the two levels of the deposit (Solutrean and early Magdalenian), and the conclusion is reached that the archaeomalacological material was collected selectively during the older excavations. Through the biometric analysis of the P. vulgata specimens from Altamira and other sites in Cantabrian Spain with the same chronology, it can be seen that the size of the limpets remained very similar in the Solutrean and early Magdalenian. Finally, the existence of coastal and inland sites with remains of marine molluscs in the two periods is discussed.