2026-09-15T21:22:48Zhttps://gredos.usal.es/oai/request

oai:gredos.usal.es:10366/1669262025-09-04T00:02:36Zcom_10366_3983com_10366_3947com_10366_3946com_10366_3823col_10366_3984

García García, Daniel Alvarado Omenat, Jorge Juan Llamas Ramos, Rocío Morais Quintanilla, Marta Llamas Ramos, Inés 2025-09-03T07:56:35Z 2025-09-03T07:56:35Z 2025 García-García, D.; Alvarado-Omenat, J.J.; Llamas-Ramos, R.; Morais-Quintanilla, M.; Llamas- Ramos, I. Effects of Intrinsic Foot Muscle Training in Improving Stability in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Single-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 6809. https://doi.org/10.3390/ app15126809 http://hdl.handle.net/10366/166926 10.3390/APP15126809 2076-3417 Background: Stability deficit is one of the most common and disabling signs of multiple sclerosis; therefore, balance training is essential for most patients. Intrinsic foot muscles are a key element in stability, but their influence in multiple sclerosis patients has not been assessed. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of intrinsic foot muscle training on stability in patients with multiple sclerosis. Methodology: A randomized single-blind clinical trial was conducted using a sample of multiple sclerosis patients divided into a control group (CG) and an intervention group (IG). Subjects in the intervention group completed an eight-week intrinsic foot muscles training programme. Static and dynamic stability were measured using the Activities-specific Balance Confidence questionnaire (AsBC), the Four Square Step Test (FSST), the Frailty and Injuries: Cooperative Studies of Intervention Techniques (FICSIT), and the Six Spot Step Test (SSST). Pre-and post-intervention outcomes and differences between groups were calculated. Results: The amount of change comparing pre- and post-intervention results was −0.94 (CG) and 5.59 (IG) in the AsBC questionnaire (p 0.17); −1.0 (CG) and −1.5 (IG) in the FSST (p 0.72); 0.0 for both groups in FICSIT (p 0.629); and −1.5 (CG) and −2.0 (IG) in SSST (p 0.692 ). Conclusions: Intrinsic foot muscle training produces positive changes in dynamic stability and self-perceived confidence in multiple sclerosis patients eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional Multiple sclerosis Esclerosis múltiple Stability Estabilidad Balance Intrinsic foot muscles Músculos intrínsecos del pie Foot core Effects of intrinsic foot muscle training in improving stability in multiple sclerosis patients: a single-blind randomized clinical trial info:eu-repo/semantics/article