http://hdl.handle.net/10366/4576 2026-07-21T12:26:11Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172251 [ES] La involución postlactancia constituye un proceso fisiológico de regresión mamaria caracterizado por muerte epitelial masiva, remodelación de la matriz extracelular y restablecimiento del estroma adiposo. Aunque tradicionalmente se ha considerado un periodo transitoriamente protumorogénico, evidencias emergentes indican que la eficiencia de su resolución determina la susceptibilidad posterior al cáncer de mama. Esta tesis parte de la hipótesis de que la potenciación farmacológica de la involución puede transformar esta ventana biológica en una oportunidad de quimioprevención primaria. Para ello, se desarrolló un modelo tridimensional de organoides mamarios murinos capaz de reproducir la diferenciación lactogénica y la involución postlactancia. Mediante este sistema se demostró que la activación de STAT3 y la inhibición de AKT1 aceleran la involución in vitro, promoviendo apoptosis, biogénesis lisosomal y programas transcripcionales de remodelación tisular. Ambos tratamientos convergieron en la activación sostenida del eje STAT3–lisosomal, núcleo molecular de la regresión epitelial. La validación in vivo en un modelo murino de alto riesgo, deficiente en Brca1/P53, confirmó que la administración de los moduladores de estas proteínas en el momento del destete acelera la involución, favoreciendo una eliminación epitelial más eficiente y una resolución tisular más rápida. Los análisis transcriptómicos y proteómicos revelaron una supresión coordinada de programas proliferativos y biosintéticos, una reorganización estructural de la matriz extracelular y rasgos compatibles con una estabilización mioepitelial, todo ello coherente con un microambiente menos permisivo para la iniciación tumoral. Funcionalmente, ambas intervenciones incrementaron significativamente la latencia tumoral y redujeron la incidencia de cáncer de mama, sin modificar la progresión de los tumores ya establecidos, lo que indica un efecto predominante sobre la fase de iniciación. A largo plazo, las glándulas tratadas mostraron una menor área ductal, una reducción de la proliferación epitelial y una contracción del campo de cancerización, definida por una reducción del compartimento epitelial susceptible a la transformación. Estos resultados demuestran que la potenciación farmacológica de la involución postlactancia reprograma de manera duradera el tejido mamario hacia un estado más estable e hipoproliferativo, disminuyendo su vulnerabilidad oncogénica. De este modo, la involución postlactancia se consolida como una ventana de intervención preventiva y STAT3 y AKT1 emergen como dianas estratégicas para el desarrollo de nuevas estrategias de quimioprevención primaria frente al cáncer de mama. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172187 [EN] The visual system of teleost fish grows continuously, which is a useful model for studying regeneration of the central nervous system. Glial cells are key for this process, but their contribution is still not well defined. We followed oligodendrocytes in the visual system of adult zebrafish during regeneration of the optic nerve at 6, 24, and 72 hours post-lesion and at 7 and 14 days post-lesion via the sox10:tagRFP transgenic line and confocal microscopy. To understand the changes that these oligodendrocytes undergo during regeneration, we used Sox2 immunohistochemistry, a stem cell marker involved in oligodendrocyte differentiation. We also used the Click-iT™ Plus TUNEL assay to study cell death and a BrdU assay to determine cell proliferation. Before optic nerve crush, sox10:tagRFP oligodendrocytes are located in the retina, in the optic nerve head, and through all the entire optic nerve. Sox2-positive cells are present in the peripheral germinal zone, the mature retina, and the optic nerve. After optic nerve crush, sox10:tagRFP cells disappeared from the optic nerve crush zone, suggesting that they died, although they were not TUNEL positive. Concomitantly, the number of Sox2-positive cells increased around the crushed area, the optic nerve head, and the retina. Then, between 24 hours post-lesion and 14 days post-lesion, double sox10:tagRFP/Sox2-positive cells were detected in the retina, optic nerve head, and whole optic nerve, together with a proliferation response at 72 hours post-lesion. Our results confirm that a degenerating process may occur prior to regeneration. First, sox10:tagRFP oligodendrocytes that surround the degenerated axons stop wrapping them, change their “myelinating oligodendrocyte” morphology to a “nonmyelinating oligodendrocyte” morphology, and die. Then, residual oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the optic nerve and retina proliferate and differentiate for the purpose of remyelination. As new axons arise from the surviving retinal ganglion cells, new sox10:tagRFP oligodendrocytes arise from residual oligodendrocyte progenitor cells to guide, nourish and myelinate them. Thus, oligodendrocytes play an active role in zebrafish axon regeneration and remyelination. 2024-10-22T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172178 [EN] Although extant literature recognizes that agglomeration economies facilitate firms’ internationalization processes, research has scarcely addressed how firm heterogeneity conditions the absorption of these benefits in emerging markets. To address this gap, this study examines how export spillovers represent not only an efficiency advantage but also a compensatory mechanism to overcome the liability of emergingness amidst institutional voids. Additionally, it explores how internal firm-level attributes act as critical boundary conditions that dictate the absorption of these localized spillovers. This study applies a Probit model to an unbalanced panel of 50,997 observations of manufacturing companies in Colombia, gathered during 2015–2021. This methodological strategy controls for unobserved heterogeneity while allowing for the identification of time-invariant effects. The results reveal a dual dynamic, such that both intra- and inter-industrial agglomeration increase export probability, though their effects are asymmetrical. Whereas prior export experience can substitute for local information (validating Uppsala model), innovation capacity and size represent complements, which are necessary to address regional-level diversity. Although geographic location can help firms overcome the disadvantage of operating in emerging markets, its effectiveness depends on the firms’ own capabilities to internalize the available external knowledge. By contextualizing the distinct trajectory of Latin American latecomer firms, this research shifts the focus from passive spillover diffusion to active learning in emerging economies. It empirically demonstrates that geographic location serves as an informal proxy network that mitigates home-country disadvantages. Furthermore, it reveals a novel dual dynamic where internal firm attributes function either as substitutes for, or necessary complements to, localized external knowledge. 2026-07-13T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172096 [EN] Background & aims Lifestyle factors may influence disability trajectories in multiple sclerosis (MS), yet prospective data linking sustained dietary adherence to objective clinical outcomes remain limited. Homocysteine, a metabolite involved in one-carbon metabolism, represents a biologically plausible mediator between nutrition and neurodegeneration, although its longitudinal clinical relevance in MS is uncertain. This study aimed to investigate whether adherence to a structured dietary intervention is associated with longitudinal changes in plasma homocysteine levels and disability progression in patients with MS over 12 months. Methods In this prospective cohort study, 41 patients with MS were followed for 12 months. Dietary adherence was quantified using a structured follow-up scale (range 2–6). Plasma homocysteine levels and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores were assessed at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Associations between adherence, metabolic changes, and EDSS evolution were evaluated using correlation analyses and multivariate linear regression adjusting for age, sex, BMI, baseline EDSS, and treatment line. Results Baseline mean homocysteine was 10.91 ± 6.94 μmol/L and decreased to 8.24 ± 3.33 μmol/L at 6 months, remaining stable at 8.27 ± 2.42 μmol/L at 12 months. Between-group differences in homocysteine showed a trend toward significance at 12 months (ANOVA p = 0.059). Mean EDSS increased slightly from 1.14 to 1.23 in the overall cohort (p > 0.05). However, EDSS evolution differed according to dietary adherence (ANOVA p = 0.009): low-adherence patients showed a mean EDSS increase (+0.53 ± 0.72), whereas high-adherence patients showed a mean EDSS decrease (−0.56 ± 1.08). Given the low baseline EDSS, short follow-up, and small high-adherence subgroup, these changes should be interpreted as exploratory differences in short-term EDSS trajectory rather than confirmed clinical improvement and do not establish causality. Adherence score was inversely correlated with EDSS change (r = −0.57, p = 0.0006) and remained independently associated in multivariate analysis (β = −0.45, 95% CI −0.68 to −0.22, p = 0.0005). Conclusions Higher adherence to the dietary counselling programme was associated with a more favourable short-term disability trajectory over 12 months. However, causality cannot be inferred, and the clinical significance of these modest changes remains uncertain. Because the adherence score was not formally validated and may partly reflect broader health-related behaviours or engagement with care, and because the dietary intervention was individualized, the study cannot identify specific dietary components or dietary patterns associated with disability trajectories. These exploratory findings require confirmation in larger controlled studies using validated dietary assessment instruments. 2026-07-07T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172095 [EN] Introduction: Spain stands out as the European Union country with the highest life expectancy, reaching 83.2 years in 2022. This context is accompanied by population aging and an increase in chronic and degenerative diseases, which translates into greater medication use. In 2022, the National Health System (NHS) dispensed over 1,127.8 million packages. This study aims to evaluate the state of medication dispensation in La Rioja and its relationship with health determinants such as economic conditions, area of residence, age, and gender.Methods: We conducted an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study between January 2016 and December 2023. A total of 4,108,656 raw e-dispensations (2016–2023) were recorded, from which 1,433,531 unique patient–ATC4–year records (26 frequent subgroups) were analyzed. We included patients aged 14 years and older with electronic dispensations. Variables analyzed included age, gender, socioeconomic level, type and number of dispensations, and the patient’s basic health zone. Statistical analyses employed Chi-square tests for categorical associations and Kruskal–Wallis tests to compare age distributions across ATC4 medication groups, with a significance level of p < 0.05.Results: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) were the most dispensed medications in La Rioja, with 82,195 dispensations between 2016 and 2023, followed by propionic acid derivative anti-inflammatory drugs. Antidepressant dispensations increased from 5,281 in 2016 to 7,486 in 2023. Regarding gender differences, women accounted for more dispensations (53.7%). The largest differences favoring women were observed in thyroid hormones, vitamin D, and antidepressant groups. Conversely, medication groups indicated for cardiovascular pathology—such as platelet aggregation inhibitors and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors—showed a significant difference favoring men. Among the elderly, the most dispensed medications also corresponded to families indicated for cardiovascular diseases. By health zones, PPI dispensation was high and homogeneous in the Rioja 1 and Rioja 2 clusters, while anxiolytics and antidepressants stood out in the municipality of San Román and the Guindalera area of Logroño. In socioeconomic terms, pensioners with limited incomes (IHC 002) primarily consumed PPIs, paracetamol, and benzodiazepines, while low-income workers (IHC 003) showed notable dispensation of propionic acid derivatives, PPIs, and paracetamol.Discussion: Our findings align with national and European trends: PPIs and propionic acid derivative anti-inflammatories are the most frequently dispensed medications. Between 2016 and 2023, we observed an increase in the absolute number of unique users in ATC4 subgroup N06AX (Other antidepressants) (+41.8%) and, to a lesser extent, in N06AB (Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) (+25.5%), while the annual relative share of N06AB remained essentially stable. Socioeconomic determinants—such as low income and unemployment—appear to directly influence access to and dispensation of medications.Conclusion: Medication dispensation patterns in La Rioja mirror broader national and EU trends, with PPIs and propionic acid derivatives leading. Gender, age, geographic zone, and socioeconomic status are associated with distinct dispensation profiles. Targeted public health strategies should consider these determinants to optimize rational medication use and equity in access. 2025-11-03T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172094 [EN] Background: Patient safety is a fundamental pillar of health care quality. Simulation-based training provides a controlled environment for nursing students to develop safety competencies and error-recognition skills before clinical practice. Objective: This systematic review aimed to describe and characterize the simulation-based education features and modalities used to address patient safety outcomes in undergraduate nursing students, identifying the strategies that contribute to improvements in safety-related competencies. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines across PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Lilacs (2019‐2024). Inclusion criteria focused on original studies involving undergraduate nursing students and simulation interventions measuring patient safety outcomes. Studies in languages other than English, Spanish, or Portuguese were excluded. Two reviewers independently performed study selection and data extraction. Methodological quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute tools, applying a 60% quality threshold for inclusion. Results were synthesized through a narrative approach. Results: A total of 20 studies from 12 countries were included. The methodological quality was high (n=14) and moderate (n=6). Findings revealed that high-fidelity simulation and virtual reality are the primary strategies used. Simulation proved effective in enhancing both technical skills (medication administration accuracy) and nontechnical skills (communication via SBAR [Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation] and ISBAR [Identification, Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation] tools, teamwork, and adverse event reporting). Key strategies contributing to safety included repetitive practice and interprofessional simulation, which significantly improved error detection and clinical judgment. Conclusions: Simulation is an essential pedagogical strategy for preparing nursing students to deliver safe care. Practical implications include the need to integrate structured simulation into nursing curricula to bridge the theory-practice gap. Future research should prioritize longitudinal designs to assess the retention of these safety skills in clinical settings and develop standardized metrics for measuring patient safety outcomes. 2026-05-26T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172065 [EN]Adaptive behavior is an essential criterion in defining intellectual disability. All three major diagnostic systems (American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities [AAIDD], Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [5th ed. text revision], and International Classification of Diseases [11th ed.]) conceptualize adaptive behavior as consisting of three domains: conceptual, social, and practical skills. Few of the existing standardized adaptive behavior measures were constructed using this tripartite conceptual model of adaptive behavior. The Diagnostic Adaptive Behavior Scale (DABS) was developed and validated using this tripartite model of adaptive behavior. This article summarizes the results of a confirmatory factor analysis that confirmed the tripartite model of the DABS and provided support that the DABS is a reliable measure to assess conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills. The estimated internal consistency for the conceptual, social, and practical skill domains assessed on the DABS ranged from .97 to .99, indicating excellent levels of reliability. 2026-06-03T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172064 [ES]A pesar de que en las últimas décadas se han alcanzado numerosos hitos a favor de las personas con discapacidad, continúan experimentando numerosas situaciones de exclusión. Con el fin de avanzar en su inclusión, es necesario identificar aquellos elementos que, desde el punto de vista de personas con y sin discapacidad, facilitan la creación de sociedades para todas las personas. En el presente estudio jóvenes con y sin discapacidad universitarios (N = 164) participaron en un total de 23 grupos de discusión con el objetivo de identificar los elementos mencionados. La información procedente de los grupos fue analizada cualitativamente, dando lugar a ocho temas emergentes que aglutinan los elementos esenciales para el logro de una sociedad más justa e inclusiva: accesibilidad, cambio actitudinal, compromiso social, participación comunitaria, sensibilización y formación, empoderamiento, recursos, servicios y productos de apoyo y cambios legislativos. Los participantes destacaron la importancia de la acción individual, la eliminación de las barreras del entorno y el contacto con personas con discapacidad como aspectos clave a la hora de construir una sociedad inclusiva. Las interacciones generadas en los grupos de discusión entre estudiantes con y sin discapacidad generaron, además, un cambio en las actitudes de estos últimos. 2026-07-02T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/172023 [EN]Teaching competencies are a fundamental element in promoting quality, equitable education. This paper aims to analyse how teaching competencies relate to academic achievement and educational equity. Using the PISA 2018 database, comprising a representative sample of 35,943 students and 21,621 teachers in Spain, the study proposes a multilevel predictive model of academic performance (at the student and school levels) based on teaching-related factors. In relation to academic performance, the results show that teacher satisfaction and adaptation of teaching are positively associated with performance; feedback and direct instruction, however, are negatively associated. As for educational equity, a positive interaction between family socioeconomic status and all teaching factors can be observed. Therefore, parallel to adequate professional teacher development, equitable and effective teaching-learning processes seem possible only through stronger political and school-level measures that promote equal opportunities. 2026-10-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/171999 [EN]Despite its established role in breast cancer treatment, Doxorubicin treatment remains subject to adaptive resistance mechanisms that extend beyond cancer cell intrinsic alterations ultimately reducing therapy efficacy. Our study in a MMTV-PyMT-driven mouse breast cancer model reveals that prolonged Doxorubicin (Dox) exposure triggers significant reprogramming of the tumour vasculature, substantially altering the angiocrine landscape and shaping treatment outcomes. Notably, tumours that initially respond, but later revert, display an endothelial cell subclustering with activation of proliferative and NF-κB-dependent cytokine pathways. We further identify a novel endothelial subpopulation characterised by higher expression of drug clearance and oxidative metabolism markers, suggesting an active role in mitigating Dox efficacy and angiogenesis promotion. These findings substantiate endothelial plasticity as a critical mediator of therapeutic failure. By uncovering these vascular adaptations, our work provides a new perspective on the underlying mechanisms of Dox resistance and the prolonged efficacy of chemotherapy in breast cancer. 2026-06-22T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/171913 [ES] La serotonina (5-HT) es una neurohormona que regula el tono vascular por mecanismos directos e indirectos, a través del sistema nervioso autónomo y sensorial, mediante una amplia familia de receptores serotonérgicos. Los mecanismos serotonérgicos implicados en la modulación de la neurotransmisión simpática y sensorial CGRPérgica en la vasculatura sistémica han sido caracterizados por nuestro grupo y otros autores en ratas macho. Sin embargo, el sexo biológico influye tanto en el metabolismo de la 5-HT y la expresión de sus receptores, como en la neurotransmisión simpática y sensorial CGRPérgica, lo que limita la comprensión y el desarrollo de dianas farmacológicas eficaces para el sexo femenino en patologías cardiovasculares y neurovasculares. La presente Tesis Doctoral tiene como objetivo determinar si los mecanismos serotonérgicos involucrados en la regulación cardiovascular presentan diferencias dependientes del sexo biológico en ratas. Para ello, en ratas hembra pithed, se ha estudiado el papel diferencial de los distintos receptores de 5-HT sobre las respuestas vasculares obtenidas por liberación endógena de noradrenalina y del péptido relacionado con el gen de la calcitonina (CGRP), así como la posible implicación de mediadores dependientes de endotelio en la respuesta noradrenérgica. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el sexo biológico influye en el tono vascular basal y en los mecanismos serotonérgicos que regulan tanto la neurotransmisión simpática vascular como la inervación sensorial CGRPérgica perivascular, modificando el tipo y subtipo de receptores de 5-HT implicados, su localización en la unión neuroefectora, y las vías indirectas involucradas. Estos hallazgos podrían abrir nuevas estrategias terapéuticas dependientes del sexo en el tratamiento de enfermedades cardiovasculares y neurovasculares.; [EN] Serotonin (5-HT) is a neurohormone that regulates vascular tone by direct and indirect mechanisms via the autonomic and sensory nervous systems, acting through a large family of serotonergic receptors. The serotonergic mechanisms involved in the modulation of sympathetic and sensory CGRPergic neurotransmission in the systemic vasculature have been characterised by our group and others in male rats. However, biological sex influences 5-HT metabolism and receptor expression, as well as sympathetic and sensory CGRPergic neurotransmission, which limits the understanding and development of effective pharmacological targets for the female sex in cardiovascular and neurovascular disorders. The aim of the present Doctoral Thesis was to determine whether the serotonergic mechanisms involved in cardiovascular regulation display sex-dependent differences in rats. To do so, female pithed rats were used to study the role of different 5-HT receptors on vascular responses elicited by the endogenous release of noradrenaline and calcitonin generelated peptide (CGRP), along with the possible involvement of endothelium-dependent mediators in the noradrenergic response. The results show that biological sex influences basal vascular tone and the serotonergic mechanisms regulating both vascular sympathetic neurotransmission and perivascular sensory CGRPergic outflow, modifying the 5-HT receptor types and subtypes involved, their localisation at the neuroeffector junction, and the indirect pathways implicated. Altogether, these findings may contribute to the development of novel sex-dependent therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular and neurovascular diseases. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/171890 [ES]Reunidos en esta monografía, el lector encontrará trabajos que se adscriben a distintos campos del conocimiento y áreas del léxico de especialidad, como la economía, la medicina, la música, la actividad física, el medioambiente, etc., centrados en el estudio de diferentes etapas de la historia de la lengua española (desde el medievo hasta el primer cuarto del siglo XXI) y portuguesa (siglo XIX). Asimismo, también podrá aproximarse al impacto de la traducción científica del francés (siglo XVIII) y del alemán (siglos XIX-XX) al español. Se analizan, desde diversas perspectivas lingüísticas, aspectos de semántica o morfología históricas de interés para un mejor conocimiento de las lenguas especializadas, así como las repercusiones o el impacto de la terminología en la lexicografía académica y extracadémica desarrollada en los últimos tres siglos. En suma, en este volumen se recopila un conjunto de investigaciones que proponen el aprovechamiento de nuevas fuentes documentales y recursos lexicográficos para el estudio diacrónico del léxico iberorrománico de especialidad. 2026-06-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/171865 [ES]Aportaciones de los profesionales de Down España relacionadas con la investigación recabadas en el Encuentro de Profesionales de 2025. Resumen de la investigación: Objetivo: Analizar los factores familiares que influyen en el acceso al empleo ordinario de personas con síndrome de Down, identificando facilitadores, barreras y factores dinámicos. Método: Se revisaron 34 trabajos científicos como fundamentación. Posteriormente, se desarrollaron seis grupos focales online con 63 participantes (personas con síndrome de Down, familiares y profesionales), cuyos datos fueron analizados mediante NVivo 15. Además, un grupo de trabajo con 79 participantes recopiló propuestas de intervención orientadas a mejorar los procesos de inclusión laboral. Resultados: Se identificaron 9 facilitadores, 8 barreras y 12 factores dinámicos. Entre los principales facilitadores destacaron el apoyo emocional familiar y la mediación del preparador laboral. Las barreras más relevantes fueron la sobreprotección y la preocupación por el bienestar de la persona. Los factores dinámicos, especialmente la actitud hacia el trabajo, mostraron una importante dependencia del contexto y de los apoyos disponibles. El grupo de trabajo generó 78 propuestas destinadas a reducir barreras y potenciar facilitadores. Conclusiones: El éxito laboral requiere un equilibrio basado en la autodeterminación. Los resultados subrayan la necesidad de que las familias evolucionen desde modelos centrados en la protección hacia enfoques basados en la confianza en la persona y en los profesionales que la acompañan. 2026-06-18T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/171857 [ES]Los trabajos críticos que han abordado el estudio de las novelas y cuentos de María Teresa León en claves política, testimonial y feminista se han precipitado al desdeñar sus artículos periodísticos, considerándolos nimios y anacrónicos. Esto responde a que no se ha superado una primera impresión prejuiciosa sobre su contenido propagandístico, cuando, en realidad, son igual de representativos, y más combativos si cabe, que el resto de su narrativa. Por esta razón, la presente investigación se dispone a rescatar “Gato por liebre” y “A las mujeres españolas”, dos artículos publicados en El Mono Azul (1936-1939), cuyas estrategias retóricas y propagandísticas merecen ser objeto de minucioso análisis por formar parte del claro plan de empoderamiento femenino que León capitaneó durante la guerra civil española. 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/171852 [ES]Introducción La imaginería motora (IM) es una herramienta ampliamente utilizada en campos como el deporte o la neurorrehabilitación ya que se ha demostrado que provoca una activación cerebral similar a la que se produce durante el movimiento. Sin embargo, la evidencia sobre su capacidad para inducir activación muscular periférica en el miembro inferior es limitada. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la actividad electromiográfica (EMG) durante diferentes condiciones de ejecución real e IM del miembro inferior. Materiales y métodos Participaron 17 adultos sanos, en los que se registró la actividad EMG superficial del recto y el bíceps femoral durante cuatro condiciones: ejecución real e IM guiada de un patrón motor simple (extensión de rodilla) y de un programa motor orientado a objetivo (golpeo de balón). Todos los participantes realizaron una única sesión experimental. La señal EMG se procesó de forma estandarizada y se normalizó respecto al máximo observado durante la ejecución real. Resultados La IM del patrón simple se asoció a incrementos subumbrales, pero significativos de la actividad EMG respecto al reposo, mientras que la IM del programa motor mostró mayor variabilidad interindividual y ausencia de diferencias consistentes frente al nivel basal. No se observaron correlaciones significativas entre la actividad EMG y la capacidad global de IM. Conclusión Estos resultados sugieren que la IM puede inducir activación muscular periférica de baja amplitud, especialmente en tareas motoras simples, mientras que el aumento de la complejidad funcional podría reducir la consistencia de dicha activación. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/171847 [ES] Esta tesis doctoral tiene por objetivo estudiar las noticias de lo maravilloso sobre el norte de África entre los siglos IX y XIII, un contexto que se vio influenciado por el pluralismo religioso. Para ello se han analizado los relatos ʿaǧīb y ġarīb relacionados con montañas, cuevas, islas, fuentes de agua y animales, con el objetivo de entender sus orígenes y su evolución hasta conformar el género de ʿaǧāʾib wa-ġarāʾib. En este contexto, la figura del cosmógrafo persa al-Qazwīnī ha sido clave, pues es quien categoriza y establece los límites de ambos términos. El trabajo se ha realizado a partir del estudio de las fuentes geográficas medievales, prestando especial atención a aquellas pertenecientes al género al-masālik wa-l-mamālik, y siendo complementado con obras de carácter histórico y literario. Todo ello nos ha permitido entender la importancia de estas noticias más allá del entretenimiento, pues se trataba de un elemento cultural que formaba parte de la vida cotidiana de los pueblos que habitaban este territorio. Esta recopilación por parte de los geógrafos ha permitido analizar, además, la evolución que experimenta la imagen del Mágreb como región liminal de la Dār al-Islām.; [EN] This doctoral thesis aims to study reports of the marvellous in North Africa between the 9th and 13th centuries, a context that was influenced by religious pluralism. To this end, ʿaǧīb and ġarīb stories related to mountains, caves, islands, water sources and animals have been analysed in order to understand their origins and evolution into the ʿaǧāʾib wa-ġarāʾib genre. In this context, the figure of the Persian cosmographer al-Qazwīnī has been key, as he is the one who categorises and establishes the limits of both terms. The work has been based on the study of medieval geographical sources, paying special attention to those belonging to the al-masālik wa-l-mamālik genre, and has been complemented by historical and literary works. All of this has allowed us to understand the importance of this information beyond entertainment, as it was a cultural element that was part of the daily life of the peoples who inhabited this territory. This compilation by geographers has also made it possible to analyse the evolution of the image of the Maghreb as a liminal region of Dār al-Islām. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z