http://hdl.handle.net/10366/139852 Wed, 22 Apr 2026 09:06:52 GMT 2026-04-22T09:06:52Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/161922 [EN]The aim of this work is to contribute to the knowledge of the diversity of stereoid fungi growing in the Patagonian Andes. In a recent survey we have found a species of Stereodiscus growing on Nothofagus antarctica in Southern Argentina, closely related to Stereodiscus trivialis but with distinct smaller basidiospores and characteristically encrusted pseudocystidia. The new species is described based on morphological features and phylogenetic ITS and 28S nuc-LSU data. In addition, a key to the known species of Stereodiscus is provided. Wed, 07 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/161922 2024-02-07T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/161919 [EN]A review of the worldwide corticioid homobasidiomycetes genera is presented. A total of 620 genera are considered with comments on their taxonomy and nomenclature. Of them, about 420 are accepted and keyed out, described in detail with remarks on their taxonomy and systematics. Tue, 09 Jun 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/161919 2020-06-09T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/161605 [EN]Polypores of the Mediterranean Region contains updated nomenclatural information about the polypore fungi found in the Mediterranean Region and adjacent areas. A total of 116 genera and 435 species are accepted and described in detail including comments on ecology, distribution and comparison with closely related species. Full-colour macro- and microphotographs highlight most of the described species and keys are provided for all genera and species. In addition, six new combinations are proposed by the Authors. Fri, 01 May 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/161605 2020-05-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/161604 [EN] The identity of Peniophora specimens from Patagonia is examined based on morphological, cultural, and biological features as well as phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal ITS and 28S sequences. Three new species are described from Patagonia: Peniophora patagonica, P. pitrae, and P. revoluta. In total, five species are known in the area, growing on endemic trees in Southern Argentina. Peniophora cinerea and P. rufomarginata are excluded from the Patagonian records, and the presence of P. incarnata and P. lycii is confirmed by molecular methods. A key to Peniophora species from Patagonia is presented. Sat, 17 Aug 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/161604 2024-08-17T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/161603 [EN]The systematics of the genus Hydnum have undergone important advances, and many new species have been described with the aid of molecular data. A revision of old names that refer to Hydnum s. str., considering the knowledge now available, might reveal prioritary names of recently described species. This study focuses on the study of names that refer to white Hydnum in Europe, among which earlier synonyms of Hydnum reginae (=Hydnum albidum s. auct. pl. eur.) are potentially found, a species characterized by producing white basidiomata and smaller spores than any other European species. Our revision revealed the existence of three earlier names based on European material, namely H. pallidum Raddi, H. album Fr. and H. heimii Maas Geest. The earliest of those, Hydnum pallidum, is epitypified using material from Tuscany (Italy), from where it was originally described, and hence, it becomes the correct name for H. albidum s. auct. pl. eur. A full description and photographs of H. pallidum are provided, and further comments on other names that refer to white Hydnum based on European material are made. Sat, 25 Nov 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/161603 2023-11-25T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/161602 [EN]Basidiomycota is one of the major phyla in the fungal tree of life. The outline of Basidiomycota provides essential taxonomic information for researchers and workers in mycology. In this study, we present a time-framed phylogenomic tree with 487 species of Basidiomycota from 127 families, 47 orders, 14 classes and four subphyla; we update the outline of Basidiomycota based on the phylogenomic relationships and the taxonomic studies since 2019; and we provide notes for each order and discuss the history, defining characteristics, evolution, justification of orders, problems, significance, and plates. Our phylogenomic analysis suggests that the subphyla diverged in a time range of 443–490 Myr (million years), classes in a time range of 312–412 Myr, and orders in a time range of 102–361 Myr. Families diverged in a time range of 50–289 Myr, 76–224 Myr, and 62–156 Myr in Agaricomycotina, Pucciniomycotina, and Ustilaginomycotina, respectively. Based on the phylogenomic relationships and divergence times, we propose a new suborder Mycenineae in Agaricales to accommodate Mycenaceae. In the current outline of Basidiomycota, there are four subphyla, 20 classes, 77 orders, 297 families, and 2134 genera accepted. When building a robust taxonomy of Basidiomycota in the genomic era, the generation of molecular phylogenetic data has become relatively easier. Finding phenotypical characters, especially those that can be applied for identification and classification, however, has become increasingly challenging. Tue, 09 Jul 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/161602 2024-07-09T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/161601 [EN]Over the last decade, fungal conservation has become an increasingly important topic, especially for species tied to forest ecosystems. Among these, wood decay fungi are a group of interesting species from ecological and applicative points of view. Culture collections represent an important tool for the conservation of species and research material. The aim of this study was to establish the first research culture collection of wood decay fungal strains, mainly corticioid and polyporoid species, at Salamanca University (Spain). From two areas of the Iberian Peninsula, a total of 120 basidiomata were collected and morphologically identified. From these, 55 strains were successfully isolated in pure culture and their identity was confirmed by DNA molecular analysis. The average growth rate of each strain was recorded and mycelium characteristics, such as colony morphology and microscopic features, were described. Notable strains in the collection included: (1) Botryobasidium asperulum and Phlebia rufa for taxonomical studies; (2) Hericium erinaceus, Grifola frondosa and Pleurotus species for medicinal properties; (3) Irpex lacteus, Phanerochaete sordida and Trametes versicolor for their degradation capabilities; (4) Stereum gausapatum and Stereum hirsutum for their applicative and enzymatic potential. The new fungal strain culture collection represents a valuable tool for the ex situ conservation of Mediterranean wood decay fungi. Tue, 10 Oct 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/161601 2023-10-10T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/161586 [EN]The monotypic genus Podofomes, with the species Podofomes trogii, is a stipitate polypore with annual, reniform to infundibuliform pilei with a black crust, concentrically zonate, irregularly decurrent pores, a trimitic hyphal system, clamped generative hyphae, absence of cystidial elements, and ellipsoid, smooth, non-reacting in Melzer’s reagent basidiospores. It is a rare species growing specifically on roots of Abies spp., causing a white rot, and distributed in Central and Southern Europe and in the Caucasus. To date, phylogenetic relationships are unknown, and the species was related, based on morphology, to the polypore genus Ischnoderma. The present phylogeny, based on ITS analyses, recovers Podofomes trogii among other species of Datronia and close to its generic type Datronia mollis. We provide a complete description of the species with comments on its distribution and habitat, and notes on the taxonomy of the genus. Fri, 25 Sep 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/161586 2020-09-25T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/161332 [EN]Gloeocystidiellum rajchenbergii, Hypochnicium patagonicum, Pteridomyces valdivianus, and Stereum greslebinii are described as new species from the Chilean Patagonia. An annotated checklist of corticioid fungi from Chile, listing 94 species with notes on distribution and ecology, scheduled for regular update, is available from http://corticioids.webs.com/checklists.htm. Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/161332 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/155505 [EN]Phylogeographic and evolutionary studies are necessary to establish solid taxonomic treatments and toimplement effective conservation programs. Unfortunately, a well‐argued and well‐founded taxonomicframework is still lacking for some Mediterranean taxa. This is the case of ArenariasectionPseudomoehringia,a group that currently comprises three species endemic to the Iberian Peninsula (A. funiculata, A. suffruticosa, andA. tejedensis) andA. glochidisperma, which is restricted to the Rif mountains, North Africa. However, thetaxonomic boundaries and phylogenetic relationships among these species are still uncertain. To explore theevolutionary history and phylogeographic patterns within this section, analyses based on nuclear (amplifiedfragment length polymorphism and internal transcribed spacer) and plastid DNA markers (psbA‐3’trnK‐matKandrps16)were performed. Our study has confirmed the monophyly of the section, in which two species are clearlyidentified (A. funiculataandA. glochidisperma) and an additional species complex (“A. suffruticosa+A. tejedensiscomplex”) is also supported as a monophyletic clade. The phylogeographic results point toward a dispersal eventof a common ancestor of the group from the Iberian Peninsula, giving rise toA. glochidispermain North Africa.Moreover,A. funiculataandA. glochidispermaare identified as closely related species edaphically differentiatedacross the Strait of Gibraltar. Our study indicates low levels of a recent geneflow among populations of the“A.suffruticosa+A. tejedensiscomplex,”which are genetically highly structured and suggest an isolation by distancepattern, probably due to a combination of ecological and geographic barriers. Furthermore, the taxonomic andconservation status of taxa included inArenariasectionPseudomoehringiahas been reviewed. Mon, 01 Mar 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/155505 2021-03-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/154734 [EN] Despite the role of polyploidy in multiple evolutionary processes, its impact on plant diversification remains controversial. An increased polyploid frequency may facilitate speciation through shifts in ecology, morphology or both. Here we used Allium to evaluate: (1) the relationship between intraspecific polyploid frequency and species diversification rate; and (2) whether this process is associated with habitat and/or trait shifts. Using eight plastid and nuclear ribosomal markers, we built a phylogeny of 448 Allium species, representing 46% of the total. We quantified intraspecific ploidy diversity, heterogeneity in diversification rates and their relationship along the phylogeny using trait-dependent diversification models. Finally, we evaluated the association between polyploidisation and habitat or trait shifts. We detected high ploidy diversity in Allium and a polyploidy-related diversification rate shift with a probability of 95% in East Asia. Allium lineages with high polyploid frequencies had higher species diversification rates than those of diploids or lineages with lower polyploidy frequencies. Shifts in speciation rates were strongly correlated with habitat shifts linked to particular soil conditions; 81.7% of edaphic variation could be explained by polyploidisation. Our study emphasises the role of intraspecific polyploid frequency combined with ecological drivers on Allium diversification, which may explain plant radiations more generally. Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/154734 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/154728 [EN] A reliable taxonomic framework and the identification of evolutionary lineages are essential for effective decisions in conservation biodiversity programs. However, phylogenetic reconstruction becomes extremely difficult when polyploidy and hybridization are involved. Veronica subsection Pentasepalae is a diploid-polyploid complex of ca. 20 species with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 10x. Here, DNA-ploidy level estimations and AFLP fingerprinting were used to determine the evolutionary history, and species boundaries were reviewed in an integrated approach including also previous data (mainly morphology and sequence-based phylogenetic reconstructions). Molecular analyses were performed for 243 individuals from 95 populations, including for the first time all taxa currently recognized within the subsection. Phylogenetic reconstruction identified four main groups corresponding almost completely to the four clusters identified by genetic structure analyses. Multiple autopolyploidization events have occurred in the tetraploid V. satureiifolia giving rise to octoploid entities in central Europe and north of Spain, whereas hybridization is demonstrated to have occurred in several populations from the Balkan Peninsula. Furthermore, our study has established the taxonomic status of taxa, for the most part recovered as monophyletic. Cryptic taxa within the group have been identified, and a new species, Veronica dalmatica, is fully described. This study highlights the implications of polyploidy in species delimitation, and illustrates the importance to conserve polyploid populations as potential sources of diversification due to evolutionary significance of genome duplications in plant evolution. Thu, 01 Feb 2018 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/154728 2018-02-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/154714 [EN] Background and Aims: The distribution of cytotypes and its potential correlation with environmental variables represent a cornerstone to understanding the origin and maintenance of polyploid lineages. Although many studies have addressed this question in single species at a regional scale, only a few have attempted to decipher this enigma in groups of closely related species at a broad intercontinental geographical scale. Here, we consider approx. 20 species of a diploid–polyploid complex (Veronica subsect. Pentasepalae) of recent and rapid diversification represented in Europe and North Africa to study the frequency and distribution of cytotypes and their relationship to environmental variables. Methods: A total of 680 individuals (207 populations) were sampled. Ploidy levels were determined using flow cytometry. Ecological differentiation among cytotypes was tested using climatic and environmental variables related to temperature, precipitation, vegetation and biogeographical region, among others, and by performing univariate and multivariate (constrained principal coordinates analysis) analyses. Key Results: Four ploidy levels (2x, 4x, 6x and 8x) were found and genome downsizing was observed to occur within the group. Plants of different ploidy level are ecologically differentiated, with hexaploids and octoploids occurring in wetter and colder habitats with a higher seasonality than diploids. A south to north distribution pattern was found, with diploids occupying southern refugial areas and octoploids being more frequent in northern regions of Europe above the permafrost boundary. Conclusions: The distribution of cytotypes can be explained by ecological differentiation, the geographical position of refuge areas during the Quaternary climatic oscillations as well as by ice and permafrost retreat patterns. The Balkan Peninsula constitutes the most important contact zone between cytotypes. This work provides the first comprehensive ploidy screening within V. subsect. Pentasepalae at a broad scale and indicates that polyploidy and genome downsizing might have contributed to the colonization of new habitats in a recently diverged polyploid complex. Fri, 14 Feb 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/154714 2020-02-14T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/141035 [EN] The Inula complex (Asteraceae: Inulinae) is a monophyletic group which comprises eight genera distributed in Eurasia and Africa: Amblyocarpum, Carpesium, Chrysophthalmum, Inula, Pentanema, Rhanteriopsis, Telekia, and Varthemia. With the aim to shed light on the circumscription of these genera, phylogenetic analyses were performed with 293 new DNA sequences (ITS region from nrDNA and three plastid spacers from cpDNA: rps16-trnQ, rpl32-trnL, ndhF-rpl32). It is concluded that both Inula and Pentanema are paraphyletic and that generic delimitations within the Inula complex need to be revised. Based on the results of the analyses, together with morphological and karyological data, we argue that the best solution is a new circumscription of the genus Pentanema including an amended description and 24 new combinations of former Inula species. Resurrection of the names Codonocephalum, Monactinocephalus and Vicoa is proposed to preserve the monophyly of the genera included in the Inula complex. Incongruences between nrDNA and cpDNA are documented and discussed. Mon, 01 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/141035 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/141034 [EN] Veronica angustifolia (Vahl) Bernh.; Veronica austriaca subsp. jacquinii (Baumg.) Watzl; Veronica dalmatica N.Pad.Gar., Rojas-Andrés, López-González & M.M.Mart.Ort.; Veronica kindlii Adam.; Veronica orsiniana Ten.; Veronica prostrata L.; Veronica rosea Desf.; Veronica sennenii (Pau) M.M.Mart.Ort. & E.Rico; Veronica tenuifolia subsp. javalambrensis (Pau) Molero & J.Pujadas; Veronic tenuifolia Asso subsp. tenuifolia; Veronica teucrium L.; Veronica thracica Velen.. In: K. Marhold & J. Kucera, IAPT chromosome data 28. Mon, 01 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/141034 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10366/141010 [ES] El género Filago L. está constituido por c. 40 especies (Galbany-Casals et al., 2010; AndrésSánchez et al., 2011) de las cuales 20 están presentes en la Península Ibérica y Baleares (Andrés-Sánchez et al., 2013). El conocimiento de la distribución de estas especies resulta en muchos casos difícil, dado que se trata de especies anuales, de pequeño tamaño y cuya germinación se encuentra altamente influenciada por las características meteorológicas de cada año (Andrés-Sánchez et al., 2013, 2015a; MolinaMartín et al., 2016). Mon, 01 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10366/141010 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z