Characterization of Topological-Protected Surface States in Three-dimensional Topological Crystalline Insulators

Abstract

[EN]In three-dimensional topological Insulators, the topological protected helical surface conducting states exist along with the bulk insulating states. In a class of topological insulators, namely topological crystalline insulators, the protection role of surface states is taken by crystalline symmetry instead of time-reversal symmetry. These exotic characteristics bring about potential applications in logic devices, thermoelectricity or quantum computers. However, due to some critical challenges (like their compatibility with the existing devices, their fabrication processes as well as their compatibility with topological or quantum behavior under external stimuli, working temperature range, cost efficiency, practical structure and ease of use), topological materials are still lagging in device applications. In this regard, this thesis aims at investigating the fundamental properties of a topological crystalline insulator, 𝑃𝑏0.77𝑆𝑛0.23𝑆𝑒, based on Raman characterization at different temperature ranges and low magnetic fields as well as magneto-transport of its Hall bar devices at low temperatures, albeit with meeting challenges in fabrication and characterization. The Raman response of this material at relaxed conditions confirms the presence of topological surface states. Moreover, temperature-dependent Raman characterizations indicate that both surface states and their bulk counterparts contribute to the Raman response considering the interplay of electrons and phonons. Furthermore, our findings based on magnetic-field dependent Raman characterization demonstrate that the surface states are topologically protected by symmetry. These Raman results are also corroborated with magneto-transport characterizations, revealing the prominent role of an inherent attribute of this material based on strong spin-orbit coupling. Our results pave the way for electron studies in field-effect transistors based on topological phase transitions