Endocrinological abnormalities in 1,105 children and adolescents with Down syndrome

Abstract

Children and adolescents with Down syndrome (DS) show a greater prevalence of endocrinological abnormalities when compared with the general population. Our aim is to analyze endocrinological abnormalities in 1,105 patients with DS. A review of 1,105 cases of children and adolescents with DS under care in our Department (ages between 0 and 18 years) analyzed retrospectively the presence of thyroid pathology and diabetes mellitus throughout development. Our data indicate the presence of endocrinological abnormalities in 222 patients [216 with thyroid pathology (19.5%) and 6 cases with diabetes mellitus type 1 (0.45%)]. Subclinical primary hypothyroidism was present in 168 cases, congenital primary hypothyroidism in 15 cases, clinical primary hypothyroidism in 24 cases and 5 cases had hyperthyroidism. In addition, 16.9% of these patients exhibit criteria of obesity and 28.2% had overweight. The prevalence of endocrinological comorbidities in children and adolescents with DS is higher than in the general population. Subclinical primary hypothyroidism, due to autoimmune causes in most of the patients, without a higher incidence in females, is the most common endocrinological pathology associated with DS. The high frequency of thyroid pathology and diabetes mellitus type 1 in these patients should induce us to have a closer clinical control of children and adolescents with DS.